Caenorhabditis elegans has scores of hedgehog related genes: sequence and expression analysis
Gudrun Aspöck, Hiroshi Kagoshima, Gisela Niklaus, and Thomas R. Bürglin
Additional sequence alignment figure
Complete alignment of the predicted protein sequences of Grd-1, Grd-2,
and Grd-11. Identical residues are highlighted in yellow, boxes indicate
the four Ground domains, the Hog domains are underlined with dashes. Conserved
cysteine residues are highlighted by •, two stars mark the positions in
Grd-11, where two cysteine residues are not conserved. Intron positions
are indicated by arrowheads.
Note: Within the Hog domain Grd-11 has an insertion of an extra exon.
This position can apparently accommodate extra amino acids, as exemplified
by human Shh, which has also more residues in that region than other Hog
genes (Fig. 1A). If one attempts to force a different splicing that omits
this extra exon, the splice junction creates a premature stop codon. This
indicates that the extra exon may have been fortuitously incorporated to
bypass the stop codon. Another interesting feature of Grd-11 is that in
the fourth Ground domain two conserved cysteine residues have been replaced
by other residues (marked by stars).
Chromsomal distribution figure
Chromosomal distribution of the wrt, grd, and grl genes. Gene positions are indicated by lines, the length of the line represents the number of genes at that location. Three different columns were generated, one each for wrt, grd and grl genes. The numbers indicate the gene name, i.e. 1 in the wrt column denotes wrt-1.
Table with list of all genes, indicating gene
name, gene family, chromosome location, cosmids, accession numbers, cDNAs
Materials and Methods:
For generating the different reporter constructs, the following oligonucleotide
primers were used for PCR:
wrt1-3, AACGCGTCGACATCCAGAAGCCACTCAATCCACAGC;
wrt1-6, ACCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCCGGCAAGAAAAGTTGCAGTTAATGGG;
wrt2-1, CAGGTCGACTCCAGGTAATTTCACAACATCCGGG;
wrt2-5, ACCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCAGGAATATGATCGGCGTATGCATCCG;
wrt3-1, TGCTCTAGATTCCTGCGAACGCCAGAAGATTCCC;
wrt3-2, CGCGGATCCCAACATATTGTTAGAATTGAAATGG;
wrt4-1, CTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCTCATTGTATCTGAACAAATTCAAGAC;
wrt4-2, GCTCTAGAGGAGCCTAAACAAGCATTCTCATG;
wrt4-3, CGCGGATCCCCTCATTGTATCTGAACAAATTCAAGAC;
wrt5-1, CGGAGTCGTTAGCGTACTTTTGCCG;
wrt5-6, CTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCATGGTGGTCGGATGCTGAAACTTTG;
wrt5-9, CGCGGATCCCATGGTGGTCGGATGCTGAAACTTTG;
wrt6-6, TCATTCGGACTGTGTAATTTAGCCAG;
wrt6-7, CGCGGATCCGAGTAATGTCATTTTGGAAACAGAACAGCATAC;
wrt7-3, TGCTCTAGATATGAATGGCAAAATGGGGTGTC;
wrt7-2, CGCGGATCCTGAAATGTTCATTTTTGTTCTCTGAAAC;
wrt8-4, AACTGCAGCTCCTCCCTGTGCCACAACTGATCC;
wrt8-3, CGCGGATCCTGGCGTCATCTATGATCGGGCGGTG;
grd1-1, GTCCTGCAGTTCGTCGATGAATTTTTGGAGCACG;
grd1-2, CCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCTAAGCTTGGAAAGTTCTTCATCGCAAC;
grd1-3, CCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCTGCTTTGAAAATATTCATTAAATACTAC;
grd2-1, CACGTGGCATGCGATCCACGAAGAGACGGAGAGTGGTG;
grd2-3, CCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCCTCCATCTGTGCACGTCTTTGAAC;
grd3-1, ATCGAGTCGACGAATAACGACACCCTTGGCCCCAG;
grd3-2, CCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCGGGTCTGCATTCCGGTCTCCACGAC;
grd3-3, CCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCCATCGCTGCCGAGCTGAACACTGATC;
grd5-1, TTTGGATCCAGGTGCCTTCCATTGGCTTTCCTTC;
grd5-2, CCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCCCATGGCTCCTTTCATGGCTGACTCG;
grd5-3, CCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCCATTTCTGAGGAGTCTGCAAGGAGG;
grd6-1, GTCGGATCCGACATCCCATGTGGCATACAACCGC;
grd6-2, CCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCCTGAATGCTTTTGCAGTTTGGTTGC;
grd6-3, CCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCCGGCATCGTGATCCGAATTGTGACTG;
grd7-1, TGTGGATCCGTTCTTCGCTTGCTGGCACTGGTCC;
grd7-2, CCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCTCGCTGGATATGGCTGAGGCTCCTCG;
grd7-3, CCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCCGGCATCATATCGACTAAAGCGTCTG;
grd8-1, ATAGGATCCATTCTGCTGTCACACTTGCACCCG;
grd8-2, CCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCAGCAAAGGAATCCCGACGGGTTCG;
grd9-1, CAAGGATCCATTGTGAAAGTGCAGCTGTGCTTGG;
grd9-2, CCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCTTCGTTCACTGGCACGTTGAACCTTG;
grd9-3, CCTTTGGGTCCTTTGGCCAATCCCCATTAAAATGAACTCCCACATTGGG;