Publications at the Unit of Preventive Nutrition
| Author | Title | Year | Journal | Reftype | DOI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahrens, W., Bammann, K., de, H. S., Halford, J., Palou, A., Pigeot, I., Siani, A. & Sjostrom, M. | Understanding and preventing childhood obesity and related disorders--IDEFICS: a European multilevel epidemiological approach | 2006 | Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis | article | URL |
| Abstract: The environment of children has drastically changed in Europe during the last decades as reflected in unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle. Nutrition obviously plays a part in the development of overweight in childhood. However, dietary factors and physical activity are also involved in the development of metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and postural deformities like scoliosis, effects related in part to excessive weight gain. To stop the resulting epidemic of diet- and lifestyle-induced morbidity, efficient evidence-based approaches are needed. These issues are the focus of IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants), a five-year project proposed under the sixth EU framework. The IDEFICS consortium comprises 25 research centres and SMEs across Europe. The planned prospective study will identify risk profile inventories for children susceptible to any of these disorders with emphasis on obesity and its co-morbid conditions. Genetic and non-genetic factors, psychosocial factors and social settings will be considered. The project will devise tailored prevention strategies that are effective, easy to implement and that account for the needs of different social groups. Population-based studies will investigate the impact of sensory perception and provide results concerning internal and external triggers of food choices and children's consumer behaviour. The ethical implications of a "right not to know" of genetic factors will be addressed. We will propose knowledge-based guidelines on dietary and lifestyle activities for health promotion and disease prevention in children for health professionals, stakeholders and consumers | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ahrens2006,
author = {Ahrens, W. and Bammann, K. and de, Henauw S. and Halford, J. and Palou, A. and Pigeot, I. and Siani, A. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Understanding and preventing childhood obesity and related disorders--IDEFICS: a European multilevel epidemiological approach AHRENS2006},
journal = {Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis},
year = {2006},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {302--308},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16679223}
}
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| Alexander, A., Bergman, P., Hagstromer, M. & Sjostrom, M. | IPAQ environmental module; reliability testing | 2006 | Journal of Public Health | article | URL |
| Abstract: Abstract The physical environment has emerged as a potential correlate to physical activity, and altering the environment could be one way to increase physical activity on a population level. The aim of the present study was to assess the test–retest reliability of the Swedish version of an environmental instrument developed for population-based studies. The study population was recruited from a larger study performed at the same time. A random sample of Swedish adults, age 18–74, was invited to participate in the reliability testing of 17 questions regarding the local physical environment. The questions addressed variables such as presence of sidewalks, bike paths and recreational facilities as well as questions regarding aesthetic, social and safety attributes. A total of 98 subjects completed the test and retest questionnaires. Overall percent agreement ranged from 55.1–92.9%. Intraclass correlation (ICC) for the total sample ranged from 0.36–0.98. The questions regarding motorized vehicles produced the highest total reliability score (ICC=0.98) and the question regarding safety from crime during the day produced the lowest (ICC=0.36). Small differences were seen between men and women for a few variables, but no apparent pattern was identified. The test–retest of the Swedish version of the environmental module resulted in substantial agreement for most variables. The instrument showed an acceptable reliability and can therefore be used in future studies regarding local environmental attributes and physical activity in Sweden | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Alexander2006,
author = {Alexander, A. and Bergman, P. and Hagstromer, M. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {IPAQ environmental module; reliability testing},
journal = {Journal of Public Health},
year = {2006},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {76--80},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-005-0016-2}
}
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| Almon, R., Engfeldt, P., Tysk, C., Sjostrom, M. & Nilsson, T. | Prevalence and trends in adult-type hypolactasia in different age cohorts in Central Sweden diagnosed by genotyping for the adult-type hypolactasia-linked LCT -13910C > T mutation | 2007 | Scand J Gastroenterol. | article | URL |
| Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Adult-type hypolactasia (AtH) can be diagnosed by genotyping in addition to functional tests or intestinal biopsy. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of AtH by genotyping and to investigate whether AtH prevalence has changed in Sweden during the 20th century. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Schoolchildren (n=690) born in 1983 and 1989, and elderly individuals (n=392) born between 1920 and 1932 were genotyped for AtH using Pyrosequencing technology. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of AtH among children was 14.1%. The majority of children (92%, n=635) were Caucasians with genotype prevalences: CC, 61 (10%); CT, 259 (41%); TT, 307 (49%). The frequency of the mutated allele q was 0.300 in this cohort. The prevalence of AtH estimated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (q 2), was 9.0% (95% CI: 6.7-11.2%). Eight percent (n=55) of the children were non-Caucasian; genotype prevalences were CC, 36 (66%); CT, 15 (27%); TT, 4 (7%). The prevalence of AtH in these children estimated from HWE was 62.5% (95% CI: 49.7-75.3%). The elderly subjects were all Caucasians. Their genotype prevalences were: CC, 20 (5%); CT, 166 (42%); TT, 206 (53%); the frequency of the mutated allele q was 0.262 and their AtH prevalence estimated from HWE was 6.8% (95% CI: 4.3-9.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of AtH in children (14%) was higher than previously thought. Among Caucasians, higher figures were seen in children than in the elderly (9% versus 6.8%). The prevalence thus seems to be increasing and this may be due to the immigration of both non-Caucasian and Caucasian groups with a higher prevalence of AtH | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Almon2007,
author = {Almon, R. and Engfeldt, P. and Tysk, C. and Sjostrom, M. and Nilsson, T.K.},
title = {Prevalence and trends in adult-type hypolactasia in different age cohorts in Central Sweden diagnosed by genotyping for the adult-type hypolactasia-linked LCT -13910C > T mutation},
journal = {Scand J Gastroenterol.},
year = {2007},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {165--170},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17327935}
}
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| Bammann, K., Peplies, J., Sjostrom, M., Lissner, L., De Henauw, S., Galli, C., Iacoviello, L., Krogh, V., Marild, S., Pigeot, I., Pitsiladis, Y., Pohlabeln, H., Reisch, L., Siani, A., Ahrens, W. & on behalf of the IDEFICS Consortium | Assessment of diet, physical activity and biological, social and environmental factors in a multi-centre European project on diet- and lifestyle-related disorders in children (IDEFICS) | 2006 | Journal of Public Health | article | URL |
| Abstract: Abstract Obesity is a major public health problem in developed countries. We present a European project, called Identification and Prevention of Dietary and Lifestyle-induced Health Effects in Children and Infants (IDEFICS), that focuses on diet- and lifestyle-related diseases in children. This paper outlines methodological aspects and means of quality control in IDEFICS. IDEFICS will use a multicentre survey design of a population-based cohort of about 17,000 2- to 10-year-old children in nine European countries (Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Sweden). The project will investigate the impact of dietary factors such as food intake and food preferences, lifestyle factors such as physical activity, psychosocial factors and genetic factors on the development of obesity and other selected diet- and lifestyle-related disorders. An intervention study will be set up in pre-school and primary school settings in eight of the survey centres. Standardised survey instruments will be designed during the first phase of the project and applied in the surveys by all centres. Standard operation procedures (SOPs) will be developed, as well as a plan for training the personnel involved in the surveys. These activities will be accompanied by a quality control strategy that will encompass the evaluation of process and result quality throughout the project. IDEFICS will develop comparable Europe-wide health indicators and instruments for data collection among young children. Establishment of a new European cohort within IDEFICS will provide a unique opportunity to document the development of the obesity epidemic in the current generation of young Europeans and investigate the impact of primary prevention in European children populations | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Bammann2006,
author = {Bammann, Karin and Peplies, Jenny and Sjostrom, Michael and Lissner, Lauren and De Henauw, Stefaan and Galli, Claudio and Iacoviello, Licia and Krogh, Vittorio and Marild, Staffan and Pigeot, Iris and Pitsiladis, Yannis and Pohlabeln, Hermann and Reisch, Lucia and Siani, Alfonso and Ahrens, Wolfgang and on behalf of the IDEFICS Consortium},
title = {Assessment of diet, physical activity and biological, social and environmental factors in a multi-centre European project on diet- and lifestyle-related disorders in children (IDEFICS)},
journal = {Journal of Public Health},
year = {2006},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {279--289},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-006-0058-0}
}
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| Borjel, A., Yngve, A., Sjostrom, M. & Nilsson, T. | Novel mutations in the 5'-UTR of the FOLR1 gene BORJEL2006 | 2006 | Clin Chem.Lab Med | article | URL |
| Abstract: We have previously reported two novel mutations in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the gene for folate receptor-alpha (FOLR1). In our search for additional mutations, 92 patient samples with elevated levels of homocysteine were screened by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) between nt -425 and -782, and -712 and -1110. Between nt -425 and -782 we did not find any mutations. Between nt -712 and -1110 there were three novel mutations. One subject had two mutations very close to each other, c.-856C>T and c.-921T>C. Two subjects had a c.-1043G>A mutation. To get an idea of the prevalence of FOLR1 mutations in an unselected population, we also screened 692 healthy school children for mutations. In this cohort, between nt -188 and +272 we discovered one novel mutation, a single nucleotide substitution, c.-18C>T, in addition to five children with the 25-bp deletion mutation previously described by us. Thus, so far we have discovered six novel mutations in the 5'-UTR region of the gene for folate receptor-alpha. We genotyped all 17 subjects with a FOLR1 mutation for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T polymorphism, and developed new single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping protocols for MTHFR 1298A>C and 1793G>A utilising Pyrosequencing technology. None of the 17 subjects had the 677TT genotype, which ruled out this as a cause of elevated homocysteine levels, which was observed in some of the subjects. Further studies of mutations in the 5'-UTR of FOLR1, and in particular of their interplay with folate intake status, are warranted | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Borjel2006,
author = {Borjel, A.K. and Yngve, A. and Sjostrom, M. and Nilsson, T.K.},
title = {Novel mutations in the 5'-UTR of the FOLR1 gene BORJEL2006},
journal = {Clin Chem.Lab Med},
year = {2006},
volume = {44},
number = {2},
pages = {161--167},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16475900}
}
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| Bottiger, A., Hurtig-Wennlof, A., Sjostrom, M., Yngve, A. & Nilsson, T. | Association of total plasma homocysteine with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotypes 677C>T, 1298A>C, and 1793G>A and the corresponding haplotypes in Swedish children and adolescents BOTTIGER2007 | 2007 | Int J Mol.Med | article | URL |
| Abstract: We studied 692 Swedish children and adolescents (aged 9-10 or 15-16 years, respectively), in order to evaluate the effect of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T, 1298A>C, and 1793G>A polymorphisms on total plasma homocysteine concentrations (tHcy). Genotyping was performed with Pyrosequencing technology. The MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism was associated with increased tHcy concentrations in both the children and the adolescents (P<0.001 for both age groups) in both genders. The effect of MTHFR 1298A>C was studied separately in subjects with the 677CC and 677CT genotypes, and the 1298C allele was found to be associated with higher tHcy levels both when children were stratified according to 677C>T genotypes, and when using haplotype analyses and diplotype reconstructions. The 1793A allele was in complete linkage disequilibrium with the 1298C allele. It was still possible to show that the 1793A allele was associated with lower tHcy levels, statistically significant in the adolescents. In conclusion, a haplotype-based approach was slightly superior in explaining the genetic interaction on tHcy plasma levels in children and adolescents than a simple genotype based approach (R2 adj 0.44 vs. 0.40). The major genetic impact on tHcy concentrations is attributable to the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism. The common 1298A>C polymorphism had a minor elevating effect on tHcy, whereas the 1793G>A polymorphism had a lowering effect on tHcy | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Bottiger2007,
author = {Bottiger, A.K. and Hurtig-Wennlof, A. and Sjostrom, M. and Yngve, A. and Nilsson, T.K.},
title = {Association of total plasma homocysteine with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotypes 677C>T, 1298A>C, and 1793G>A and the corresponding haplotypes in Swedish children and adolescents BOTTIGER2007},
journal = {Int J Mol.Med},
year = {2007},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {659--665},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17334642}
}
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| Craig, C., Marshall, A., Sjostrom, M., Bauman, A., Booth, M., Ainsworth, B., Pratt, M., Ekelund, U., Yngve, A., Sallis, J. & Oja, P. | International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity | 2003 | Med Sci Sports Exerc | article | URL |
| Abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is a global concern, but diverse physical activity measures in use prevent international comparisons. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed as an instrument for cross-national monitoring of physical activity and inactivity. METHODS: Between 1997 and 1998, an International Consensus Group developed four long and four short forms of the IPAQ instruments (administered by telephone interview or self-administration, with two alternate reference periods, either the "last 7 d" or a "usual week" of recalled physical activity). During 2000, 14 centers from 12 countries collected reliability and/or validity data on at least two of the eight IPAQ instruments. Test-retest repeatability was assessed within the same week. Concurrent (inter-method) validity was assessed at the same administration, and criterion IPAQ validity was assessed against the CSA (now MTI) accelerometer. Spearman's correlation coefficients are reported, based on the total reported physical activity. RESULTS: Overall, the IPAQ questionnaires produced repeatable data (Spearman's rho clustered around 0.8), with comparable data from short and long forms. Criterion validity had a median rho of about 0.30, which was comparable to most other self-report validation studies. The "usual week" and "last 7 d" reference periods performed similarly, and the reliability of telephone administration was similar to the self-administered mode. CONCLUSIONS: The IPAQ instruments have acceptable measurement properties, at least as good as other established self-reports. Considering the diverse samples in this study, IPAQ has reasonable measurement properties for monitoring population levels of physical activity among 18- to 65-yr-old adults in diverse settings. The short IPAQ form "last 7 d recall" is recommended for national monitoring and the long form for research requiring more detailed assessment | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Craig2003,
author = {Craig, C.L. and Marshall, A.L. and Sjostrom, M. and Bauman, A.E. and Booth, M.L. and Ainsworth, B.E. and Pratt, M. and Ekelund, U. and Yngve, A. and Sallis, J.F. and Oja, P.},
title = {International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity},
journal = {Med Sci Sports Exerc},
year = {2003},
volume = {35},
number = {8},
pages = {1381--1395},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12900694}
}
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| Ekelund, U., Aman, J., Yngve, A., Renman, C., Westerterp, K. & Sjostrom, M. | Physical activity but not energy expenditure is reduced in obese adolescents: a case-control study | 2002 | Am J Clin Nutr | article | URL |
| Abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of physical activity on body weight in children and adolescents is controversial. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to test the hypothesis that the intensity and duration of physical activity differ between obese and normal-weight adolescents, with no difference in estimated energy expenditure. DESIGN: We compared physical activity in 18 (8 males, 10 females) obese [body mass index (in kg/m(2)) > 30] adolescents (14-19 y) with that in a matched, normal-weight (BMI < 27) control group. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured with the doubly labeled water method, and physical activity was measured simultaneously by accelerometry. The physical activity level was determined as the ratio of TEE to the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and activity energy expenditure as 0.9 TEE minus RMR. Accelerometry data included total physical activity (counts x min(-1) x d(-1)), accumulated and continuous duration of activity, and continuous 10-min periods of physical activity of moderate intensity. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in adjusted (analysis of covariance) TEE, RMR, or AEE between groups. The physical activity level was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the obese group. No sex x group interaction was observed. Differences in total physical activity (P < 0.001), accumulated time (P < 0.05), continuous time (P < 0.01), and continuous 10-min periods of physical activity of moderate intensity (P < 0.01) were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Obese adolescents are less physically active than are normal-weight adolescents, but physical activity-related energy expenditure is not significantly different between groups. The data suggest that physical activity is not necessarily equivalent to the energy costs of activity | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ekelund2002,
author = {Ekelund, U. and Aman, J. and Yngve, A. and Renman, C. and Westerterp, K. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Physical activity but not energy expenditure is reduced in obese adolescents: a case-control study},
journal = {Am J Clin Nutr},
year = {2002},
volume = {76},
number = {5},
pages = {935--941},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12399263}
}
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| Ekelund, U., Poortvliet, E., Nilsson, A., Yngve, A., Holmberg, A. & Sjostrom, M. | Physical activity in relation to aerobic fitness and body fat in 14- to 15-year-old boys and girls | 2001 | Eur J Appl Physiol | article | URL |
| Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the strength of the relationship between different variables of physical activity and aerobic fitness and body fat in adolescent boys and girls. Activity energy expenditure (AEE), time spent in a sedentary state, and time spent engaged in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA, > or = 50% peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak) were assessed by the minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring method in 82 randomly selected 14- to 15-year olds (42 boys, 40 girls). Body fat was determined by measuring skinfold thicknesses. VO2peak was measured by indirect calorimetry. Somatic maturity level was determined by percentages of adult (i.e. 18 years) height attained at examination. AEE was related to aerobic fitness for both genders (boys, r = 0.30, P = 0.056; girls, r = 0.45, P = 0.003). For boys, there was a significant relationship between maturity level and VO2peak (r = 0.48, P < 0.001). For both genders, body fat was significantly and negatively related to VO2peak (r = -0.48 and r = -0.43, P < 0.01). Body fat and maturity explained 47% of the variation in VO2peak in boys, whereas AEE and body fat explained 22% of the variation in VO2peak in girls. No significant associations between physical activity variables and the data on body fat were observed. The total amount of physical activity (AEE) was related to VO2peak, at least in adolescent girls. Although VO2peak seems to be influenced by the maturity level in adolescent boys, the data support the promotion of a daily active lifestyle among young people | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ekelund2001,
author = {Ekelund, U. and Poortvliet, E. and Nilsson, A. and Yngve, A. and Holmberg, A. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Physical activity in relation to aerobic fitness and body fat in 14- to 15-year-old boys and girls},
journal = {Eur J Appl Physiol},
year = {2001},
volume = {85},
number = {3-4},
pages = {195--201},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11560070}
}
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| Ekelund, U., Poortvliet, E., Yngve, A., Hurtig-Wennlov, A., Nilsson, A. & Sjostrom, M. | Heart rate as an indicator of the intensity of physical activity in human adolescents | 2001 | Eur J Appl Physiol | article | URL |
| Abstract: The aims of this study were, in a group of adolescents, firstly to identify the absolute heart rates (HR) and the percentages of maximal heart rates (HRmax) corresponding to 40%, 60% and 80% of peak oxygen uptake (PVO2), secondly to identify absolute and relative (%PVO2) oxygen uptakes (VO2) corresponding to HR of 120, 140 and 160 beats.min-1, and thirdly to examine a possible effect of fatness and fitness on the relationship between HR and VO2. The subjects were 127 (60 boys, 67 girls) adolescents with a mean age of 14.8 (SD 0.3) years. The HR and VO2 were measured by means of an incremental exercise test to exhaustion. Linear regressions were performed for the HR-VO2 and VO2-HR relationships using absolute and relative (%HRmax, %PVO2) data for each individual. From these regressions, target HR and VO2 were computed. Average target HR corresponding to 40%, 60% and 80% of PVO2 were: 119 (SD 9), 145 (SD 9), 171 (SD 8), and 120 (SD 10), 146 (SD 8), 172 (SD 8) beats.min-1 for boys and girls, respectively. Average VO2 corresponding to HR of 120, 140 and 160 beats.min-1 were: 22 (SD 5), 30 (SD 5), 38 (SD 6) and 18 (SD 4), 24 (SD 4), 31 (SD 4) mlO2.kg-1.min-1 for boys and girls, respectively. An analysis of covariance showed a significant fitness effect (P < 0.001) for predicted VO2 at all HR studied. The results suggest that the use of absolute HR to define exercise intensity levels when assessing young people's physical activity using HR monitoring detracts from the validity of the interpretation of the data | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ekelund2001a,
author = {Ekelund, U. and Poortvliet, E. and Yngve, A. and Hurtig-Wennlov, A. and Nilsson, A. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Heart rate as an indicator of the intensity of physical activity in human adolescents},
journal = {Eur J Appl Physiol},
year = {2001},
volume = {85},
number = {3-4},
pages = {244--249},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11560077}
}
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| Ekelund, U., Sjostrom, M., Yngve, A. & Nilsson, A. | Total daily energy expenditure and pattern of physical activity measured by minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring in 14-15 year old Swedish adolescents | 2000 | Eur J Clin Nutr | article | URL |
| Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and patterns of physical activity among Swedish male and female adolescents and to relate the amount and intensity of physical activity to existing recommendations (energy expenditure equal to or above 12.4 kJ/kg/day or accumulation of 30 min/day in moderate physical activity equal to 4.5 times sedentary energy expenditure or more). DESIGN: TDEE, physical activity level (PAL=TDEE/BMR), energy expenditure (EE) and time spent in different intensities of physical activity were assessed by using minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring in combination with laboratory measured sedentary energy expenditure (SEE) and peak oxygen uptake. SETTING: Department of Physical Education and Health, Orebro University, and Department of Clinical Physiology, Orebro Medical Centre Hospital, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Eighty-two 14-15 y old adolescents (42 boys, 40 girls) from the city of Orebro, randomly selected through a two-stage sampling procedure. RESULTS: TDEE was 12.8 MJ/day and 10.0 MJ/day for boys and girls respectively (P<0.001) and PAL was 1.74 and 1.67 (NS). Forty-four percent and 47%, respectively, of TDEE referred to EE in physical activity, of which 70% for both genders referred to light physical activity (corresponding to <4.5 times SEE). Eleven boys and 14 girls had an EE lower than 12.4 kJ/kg/day and/or did not accumulate 30 min/day in physical activity >/=4.5 SEE. Those (n=20) with the highest PAL values (>2.01 and 1.81, respectively) spent 149 min/day at a >/=4.5 SEE intensity level compared to 40 min/day for those (n=30) with the lowest PAL values (<1.55 and 1.45, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Swedish adolescent boys and girls are similarly physically active. The major amount of time devoted to physical activity refers to light physical activity. At least thirty percent of adolescents seem not to achieve appropriate levels of physical activity considered to be beneficial for health. SPONSORSHIP: Orebro County Council, The Public Health Committee of Stockholm County Council, Sweducation Foundation | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ekelund2000,
author = {Ekelund, U. and Sjostrom, M. and Yngve, A. and Nilsson, A.},
title = {Total daily energy expenditure and pattern of physical activity measured by minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring in 14-15 year old Swedish adolescents},
journal = {Eur J Clin Nutr},
year = {2000},
volume = {54},
number = {3},
pages = {195--202},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10713740}
}
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| Ekelund, U., Sjostrom, M., Yngve, A., Poortvliet, E., Nilsson, A., Froberg, K., Wedderkopp, N. & Westerterp, K. | Physical activity assessed by activity monitor and doubly labeled water in children | 2001 | Med Sci Sports Exerc | article | URL |
| Abstract: PURPOSE: To validate the Computer Science and Application's (CSA) activity monitor for assessment of the total amount of physical activity during two school-weeks in 9-yr-old children and to develop equations to predict total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) from activity counts and anthropometric variables. METHODS: A total of 26 children (15 boys and 11 girls, mean age 9.1 +/- 0.3 yr) were monitored for 14 consecutive days. TEE was simultaneously measured by the doubly labeled water method. Averaged activity counts (counts.min(-1)) were compared with data on: 1) TEE, 2) AEE = TEE minus basal metabolic rate (BMR; estimated from predictive equations), and 3) daily physical activity level (PAL = TEE/BMR). RESULTS: Physical activity determined by activity counts was significantly related to the data on energy expenditures: TEE (r = 0.39; P < 0.05), AEE (r = 0.54; P < 0.01), and PAL (r = 0.58; P < 0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that TEE was significantly influenced by gender, body composition (body weight or fat free mass), and activity counts (R(2) = 0.54--0.60). AEE was significantly influenced by activity counts and gender (R(2) = 0.45). There were no significant differences between activity counts and PAL in discriminating among activity levels with "low" (PAL < 1.56), "moderate" (1.57 < or = PAL > or = 1.81), and "high" (PAL > 1.81) intensity. CONCLUSION: Activity counts from the CSA activity monitor seems to be a useful measure of the total amount of physical activity in 9-yr-old children. Activity counts contributed significantly to the explained variation in TEE and was the best predictor of AEE | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ekelund2001b,
author = {Ekelund, U. and Sjostrom, M. and Yngve, A. and Poortvliet, E. and Nilsson, A. and Froberg, K. and Wedderkopp, N. and Westerterp, K.},
title = {Physical activity assessed by activity monitor and doubly labeled water in children},
journal = {Med Sci Sports Exerc},
year = {2001},
volume = {33},
number = {2},
pages = {275--281},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11224818}
}
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| Ekelund, U., Yngve, A., Brage, S., Westerterp, K. & Sjostrom, M. | Body movement and physical activity energy expenditure in children and adolescents: how to adjust for differences in body size and age | 2004 | Am J Clin Nutr | article | URL |
| Abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical activity data in children and adolescents who differ in body size and age are influenced by whether physical activity is expressed in terms of body movement or energy expenditure. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether physical activity expressed as body movement (ie, accelerometer counts) differs from physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) as a function of body size and age. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study in children [n = 26; (+/-SD) age: 9.6 +/- 0.3 y] and adolescents (n = 25; age: 17.6 +/- 1.5 y) in which body movement and total energy expenditure (TEE) were simultaneously measured with the use of accelerometry and the doubly labeled water method, respectively. PAEE was expressed as 1) unadjusted PAEE [TEE minus resting energy expenditure (REE); in MJ/d], 2) PAEE adjusted for body weight (BW) (PAEE. kg(-1). d(-1)), 3) PAEE adjusted for fat-free mass (FFM) (PAEE. kg FFM(-1). d(-1)), and 4) the physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE). RESULTS: Body movement was significantly higher (P = 0.03) in children than in adolescents. Similarly, when PAEE was normalized for differences in BW or FFM, it was significantly higher in children than in adolescents (P = 0.03). In contrast, unadjusted PAEE and PAL were significantly higher in adolescents (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: PAEE should be normalized for BW or FFM for comparison of physical activity between children and adolescents who differ in body size and age. Adjusting PAEE for FFM removes the confounding effect of sex, and therefore FFM may be the most appropriate body-composition variable for normalization of PAEE. Unadjusted PAEE and PAL depend on body size | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ekelund2004,
author = {Ekelund, U. and Yngve, A. and Brage, S. and Westerterp, K. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Body movement and physical activity energy expenditure in children and adolescents: how to adjust for differences in body size and age},
journal = {Am J Clin Nutr},
year = {2004},
volume = {79},
number = {5},
pages = {851--856},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15113725}
}
|
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| Ekelund, U., Yngve, A. & Sjostrom, M. | Total daily energy expenditure and patterns of physical activity in adolescents assessed by two different methods | 1999 | Scand J Med Sci Sports | article | URL |
| Abstract: Minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring and an activity diary were used simultaneously during three days in 30 randomly selected adolescents (16 boys, 14 girls; mean age 15.0+/-1.0). Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and its components (energy expenditure during sleep, during rest and in physical activity) and times spent at different intensity levels (sedentary, light, moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity) were compared. TDEE from heart rate monitoring averaged 10.9+/-2.7 MJ x d(-1) compared to 11.3+/-2.3 MJ x d(-1) from the activity diary (NS). The limits of agreement (mean+/-2 SD) were -3.54 MJ x d(-1) and 2.74 MJ x d(-1). There was no significant difference for any of the TDEE components between the methods (MANOVA). A significant method effect (P<0.001) was observed for time spent in sedentary and light physical activity (MANOVA). No significant difference was observed for time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity. According to this, heart rate monitoring and activity diary are comparable for group assessment of TDEE and its components, and for estimating time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity. The activity diary underestimated time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity for inactive subjects and consequently overestimated highly active subjects | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ekelund1999,
author = {Ekelund, U. and Yngve, A. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Total daily energy expenditure and patterns of physical activity in adolescents assessed by two different methods},
journal = {Scand J Med Sci Sports},
year = {1999},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {257--264},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10512205}
}
|
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| Garcia-Artero, E., Ortega, F., Ruiz, J., Mesa, J., Delgado, M., Gonzalez-Gross, M., Garcia-Fuentes, M., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Gutierrez, A. & Castillo, M. | [Lipid and metabolic profiles in adolescents are affected more by physical fitness than physical activity (AVENA study)] | 2007 | Rev Esp.Cardiol. | article | URL |
| Abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the level of physical activity or physical fitness (i.e., aerobic capacity and muscle strength) in Spanish adolescents influences lipid and metabolic profiles. METHODS: From a total of 2859 Spanish adolescents (age 13.0-18.5 years) taking part in the AVENA (Alimentacion y Valoracion del Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes) study, 460 (248 male, 212 female) were randomly selected for blood analysis. Their level of physical activity was determined by questionnaire. Aerobic capacity was assessed using the Course-Navette test. Muscle strength was evaluated using manual dynamometry, the long jump test, and the flexed arm hang test. A lipid-metabolic cardiovascular risk index was derived from the levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and glucose. RESULTS: No relationship was found between the level of physical activity and lipid-metabolic index in either sex. In contrast, there was an inverse relationship between the lipid-metabolic index and aerobic capacity in males (P=.003) after adjustment for physical activity level and muscle strength. In females, a favorable lipid-metabolic index was associated with greater muscle strength (P=.048) after adjustment for aerobic capacity. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that, in adolescents, physical fitness, and not physical activity, is related to lipid and metabolic cardiovascular risk. Higher aerobic capacity in males and greater muscle strength in females were associated with lower lipid and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Garcia-Artero2007,
author = {Garcia-Artero, E. and Ortega, F.B. and Ruiz, J.R. and Mesa, J.L. and Delgado, M. and Gonzalez-Gross, M. and Garcia-Fuentes, M. and Vicente-Rodriguez, G. and Gutierrez, A. and Castillo, M.J.},
title = {[Lipid and metabolic profiles in adolescents are affected more by physical fitness than physical activity (AVENA study)]},
journal = {Rev Esp.Cardiol.},
year = {2007},
volume = {60},
number = {6},
pages = {581--588},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17580046}
}
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| Grjibovski, A., Bergman, P., Hagstromer, M., Hurtig-Wennlof, A., Meusel, D., Ortega, F., Patterson, E., Poortvliet, E., Rizzo, N., Ruiz, J., Warnberg, J. & Sjostrom, M. | A dropout analysis of the second phase of the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study | 2006 | Journal of Public Health | article | URL |
| Abstract: Abstract The European Youth Heart Study (EYHS) addresses cardiovascular disease risk factors and their determinants in European children and adolescents. The Swedish part of the study began with cross-sectional data collection in 9- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in 1998–1999 (EYHS-I). Repeated observations of the key indicators were performed in 2004–2005 (EYHS-II). The purpose of this study was to assess potential dropout effects in EYHS-II. Participants in both EYHS-I and EYHS-II (n=459) were compared with dropouts who participated only in the EYHS-I (n=678) in relation to baseline physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and socioeconomic and anthropometric characteristics. Bivariate comparisons were performed using chi-square tests and gamma tests for nominal and ordinal data, respectively. Continuous data were compared by t tests and Mann−Whitney tests depending on the distribution. The Bonferroni correction was used to control for multiple hypothesis testing. Multiple logistic regression with backward elimination of variables was applied to study independent effects of variables on the probability of becoming a dropout. Analyses were performed separately for the younger and older age groups. The dropout proportion in EYHS-II was 60%. Subjects from the older age group were less likely to participate in the follow-up study (32% vs. 50%, p<0.001). In bivariate analyses, only maternal education was associated with dropout rates in the younger age group after Bonferroni correction. Males were more likely to drop out in both younger [odds ratio (OR)=1.72; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 2.96] and older (OR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.54) age groups while basic maternal education was associated with outcome only in the younger group (OR=4.31; 95% CI: 1.78, 2.95) in regression analysis. The Swedish EYHS-II had high dropout rate after EYHS-I, but the dropouts did not differ from the participants in relation to physical activity, physical fitness, and anthropometric indices. Males were more likely to drop out than were females in both age groups. Differential dropout in relation to maternal education was observed in the younger age group | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Grjibovski2006,
author = {Grjibovski, Andrej and Bergman, Patrick and Hagstromer, Maria and Hurtig-Wennlof, Anita and Meusel, Dirk and Ortega, Francisco and Patterson, Emma and Poortvliet, Eric and Rizzo, Nico and Ruiz, Jonatan and Warnberg, Juila and Sjostrom, Michael},
title = {A dropout analysis of the second phase of the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study},
journal = {Journal of Public Health},
year = {2006},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {261--268},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-006-0057-1}
}
|
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| Grjibovski, A. & Bygren, L. | From the former Soviet Union: Maternal education seems to determine pregnancy outcomes in Russia [BibTeX] |
2005 | BMJ | article | URL |
BibTeX:
@article{Grjibovski2005b,
author = {Grjibovski, A.M. and Bygren, L.O.},
title = {From the former Soviet Union: Maternal education seems to determine pregnancy outcomes in Russia},
journal = {BMJ},
year = {2005},
volume = {331},
number = {7510},
pages = {236--},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16037477}
}
|
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| Grjibovski, A., Bygren, L. & Svartbo, B. | Socio-demographic determinants of poor infant outcome in north-west Russia | 2002 | Paediatr.Perinat.Epidemiol | article | URL |
| Abstract: The infant outcome determinants vary in different settings, and there is still a need for analysis within environments. This study was designed to examine the relation between poor infant outcome (PIO), (i.e. any of the following indicators: preterm delivery, low birthweight, perinatal death and low first-minute Apgar score) and socio-demographic factors, smoking and alcohol consumption in a Russian setting. The study was conducted in the town of Severodvinsk, north-west Russia. A total of 1404 pregnant women who attended antenatal care clinics in 1999 and delivered at the municipal maternity home comprised the cohort. Data on women and infants were collected from the medical files and a questionnaire on social indicators, smoking and alcohol consumption was administered. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) calculated by multivariable logistic regression was used as the measure of association between PIO and the variables studied. Education was found to be the most significant factor associated with PIO (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.2, 3.0 for secondary or less education compared with at least 3 years of university studies). Increased risks of PIO were also found in mothers aged 30 years and older (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.1, 2.5 compared with other age groups) and in unmarried mothers (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0, 1.9) after control for the possible confounders. Other socio-demographic determinants studied (smoking, alcohol use, stress, maternal occupation, housing and young age of the mother) could not be found to influence PIO. The findings contribute to the hypothesis that maternal education is one of the most important social factors influencing pregnancy outcomes in countries in transition | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Grjibovski2002,
author = {Grjibovski, A. and Bygren, L.O. and Svartbo, B.},
title = {Socio-demographic determinants of poor infant outcome in north-west Russia},
journal = {Paediatr.Perinat.Epidemiol},
year = {2002},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {255--262},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12123439}
}
|
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| Grjibovski, A., Bygren, L., Svartbo, B. & Magnus, P. | Housing conditions, perceived stress, smoking, and alcohol: determinants of fetal growth in Northwest Russia | 2004 | Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand | article | URL |
| Abstract: BACKGROUND: Social determinants of health have become important in countries of the former Soviet Union during the time of transition. AIM: This article estimates the influence of living conditions, smoking, alcohol, and maternal stress on fetal growth indices in an urban Russian setting. METHODS: All pregnant women registered at antenatal care centres in Severodvinsk (Northwest Russia) and their infants comprised the study base (n = 1399). Multivariate linear regression analysis was applied to quantify the effects of the studied factors on birth weight and the ponderal index (PI) adjusted for maternal education, age, occupation, marital status, parity, pre-pregnancy weight, paternal employment, gestational age, and others. RESULTS: Infants of smoking mothers were 126 g lighter compared with non-smokers [95% confidence interval (CI): -198; -54]. On average, birth weight decreased 27 g per cigarette smoked during pregnancy. Living in shared apartments, living in crowded housing situations, and perceived stress were associated significantly with birth weight loss: -89 g (95% CI: -153; -25), -82 g (95% CI: -136; -28), and -61 g (95% CI: -116; -7), respectively. A positive association between maternal alcohol consumption and birth weight was found. Living with parents was associated positively with both birthweight and PI. Infants whose fathers consumed more than 100 ml of absolute alcohol per week were thinner at birth compared with those of non-drinking and moderate drinking fathers. CONCLUSIONS: Poor housing conditions, maternal stress, smoking, and alcohol consumption are independent determinants of fetal growth in Northwest Russia | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Grjibovski2004,
author = {Grjibovski, A. and Bygren, L.O. and Svartbo, B. and Magnus, P.},
title = {Housing conditions, perceived stress, smoking, and alcohol: determinants of fetal growth in Northwest Russia},
journal = {Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand},
year = {2004},
volume = {83},
number = {12},
pages = {1159--1166},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15548149}
}
|
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| Grjibovski, A., Bygren, L., Svartbo, B. & Magnus, P. | Social variations in fetal growth in a Russian setting: an analysis of medical records | 2003 | Ann Epidemiol | article | URL |
| Abstract: PURPOSE: The study examines variations in fetal growth by maternal social circumstances in a Russian town. METHODS: All pregnant women registered at the antenatal clinics in 1999 in Severodvinsk (north-west Russia) and their live born infants comprised the study base (n=1399). Multivariate linear regression analysis was applied to quantify the effect of socio-demographic factors on birthweight and the ponderal index (PI). RESULTS: A clear gradient of birthweight in relation to mothers' education was revealed. Babies of the most educated mothers were 207 g (95% CI, 55, 358) heavier than babies of mothers with basic education. The average weight of those born to mothers with secondary and vocational levels of education was 172 g (95% CI, 91, 253) and 83 g (95% CI, 9, 163) lower compared with infants born to mothers with a university level of education after adjustment for age, parity, pre-pregnancy weight, marital status, maternal occupation, length of gestation, and sex of the baby. Maternal education also influenced the PI. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies should focus on the mechanisms of the coherence of maternal education and fetal growth. To ensure that all parts of the society benefit equally from economic and social reforms, social variations in pregnancy outcomes should be monitored during the time of transition | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Grjibovski2003,
author = {Grjibovski, A.M. and Bygren, L.O. and Svartbo, B. and Magnus, P.},
title = {Social variations in fetal growth in a Russian setting: an analysis of medical records},
journal = {Ann Epidemiol},
year = {2003},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {599--605},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14732298}
}
|
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| Grjibovski, A., Bygren, L., Yngve, A. & Sjostrom, M. | Large social disparities in spontaneous preterm birth rates in transitional Russia | 2005 | Public Health | article | URL |
| Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study estimated the effect of maternal sociodemographic, obstetric and lifestyle factors on the risk of spontaneous preterm birth in a Russian town. METHODS: All women with singleton pregnancies registered at prenatal care centres in Severodvinsk in 1999 comprised the cohort for this study (n=1559). Analysis was based on spontaneous live singleton births at the maternity home (n=1103). Multivariable logistic regression was applied to quantify the effect of the studied factors on the risk of preterm birth. Differences in gestation duration were studied using multiple linear regression. RESULTS: In total, 5.6% of all spontaneous births were preterm. Increased risks of preterm delivery were found in women with lower levels of education and in students. Placental complications, stress and a history of fetal death in previous pregnancies were also associated with elevated risks for preterm delivery. Smoking, hypertension and multigravidity were associated with reduced length of pregnancy in metric form. CONCLUSION: In addition to medical risk factors, social factors are important determinants of preterm birth in transitional Russia. Large disparities in preterm birth rates may reflect the level of inequalities in transitional Russia. Social variations in pregnancy outcomes should be monitored | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Grjibovski2005a,
author = {Grjibovski, A.M. and Bygren, L.O. and Yngve, A. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Large social disparities in spontaneous preterm birth rates in transitional Russia},
journal = {Public Health},
year = {2005},
volume = {119},
number = {2},
pages = {77--86},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15694954}
}
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| Grjibovski, A., Bygren, L., Yngve, A. & Sjostrom, M. | Social variations in infant growth performance in Severodvinsk, Northwest Russia: community-based cohort study | 2004 | Croat.Med J | article | URL |
| Abstract: AIM: To examine infant growth characteristics and their socio-demographic determinants in Severodvinsk, northwest Russia. METHODS: Length-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-length Z-scores of 1,067 infants born in 1999-2000 in Severodvinsk were calculated on the basis of the data on the length and weight obtained from the medical files. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate independent effects of maternal age, education, occupation, marital status, weight, parity, sex of the baby, and breastfeeding duration on infant growth. RESULTS: At the age of 12 months, 1.1% of the infants were stunted, 1.1% underweight, and 0.5% wasted in comparison with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 reference population. The mean Z-scores for length-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-length were 0.48+/-0.93, 0.38+/-1.04, and 0.65+/-1.03, respectively. Mean weight-for-length Z-scores considerably increased from birth to 12 months, while length-for-age Z-score remained largely unchanged. In regression analysis, length-for-age Z-scores were lower by 0.43 (p=0.028) and by 0.30 (p<0.001) in infants born to mothers with basic and unknown education, respectively. Positive trends between linear growth and maternal age (p=0.027) and education (p=0.024) were observed. No social variations in weight-for-length Z-scores were found. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting were lower than previously reported from Russia, which may reflect good overall socio-economic conditions in the town. Social variations in linear growth indicate the existence of inequalities in infant health, which may further increase with age | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Grjibovski2004a,
author = {Grjibovski, A.M. and Bygren, L.O. and Yngve, A. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Social variations in infant growth performance in Severodvinsk, Northwest Russia: community-based cohort study},
journal = {Croat.Med J},
year = {2004},
volume = {45},
number = {6},
pages = {757--763},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15578812}
}
|
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| Grjibovski, A., Yngve, A., Bygren, L. & Sjostrom, M. | Socio-demographic determinants of initiation and duration of breastfeeding in northwest Russia | 2005 | Acta Paediatr. | article | URL |
| Abstract: AIM: This study examines socio-demographic determinants of initiation and duration of breastfeeding in a community-based cohort in northwest Russia. METHODS: All infants born to women who were registered at the antenatal clinics in Severodvinsk in 1999 comprised the cohort (n=1399) and were followed up at 1 y. Data on maternal and infant characteristics as well as the duration of breastfeeding were obtained from medical records. Proportional hazard analysis was applied to quantify the effect of the selected factors on the risk of breastfeeding discontinuation adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Only 1.3% of infants were never breastfed. Breastfeeding rates were 75.0% and 47.2% at 3 and 6 mo, respectively. Maternal age and early initiation of prenatal care were positively associated with breastfeeding initiation rates. Increased risks of breastfeeding discontinuation were found in teenage mothers (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.06-1.99), in mothers with basic education (OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.06-2.66) and in unmarried mothers (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.03-1.38). Women with no previous deliveries were more likely to breastfeed longer (OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.62-0.90). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with previous studies in Russia, almost universal initiation and considerably higher rates of breastfeeding at specific time points were found. Social variations in initiation and duration of breastfeeding should raise concern of inequalities in breastfeeding practices in transitional Russia | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Grjibovski2005,
author = {Grjibovski, A.M. and Yngve, A. and Bygren, L.O. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Socio-demographic determinants of initiation and duration of breastfeeding in northwest Russia},
journal = {Acta Paediatr.},
year = {2005},
volume = {94},
number = {5},
pages = {588--594},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16188748}
}
|
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| Hagstromer, M., Bergman, P., Bauman, A. & Sjostrom, M. | The international prevalence study (IPS): health-enhancing physical activity in Sweden | 2006 | Journal of Public Health | article | URL |
| Abstract: Abstract Public health needs a better understanding of how much, and in what way, populations are physically active. This paper presents subjectively assessed measures of health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA), among males and females, and their relation to social and demographic factors in a representative sample of the Swedish population. In total 2,500 adults aged 18–74 years were randomly selected from the official population register, 1,470 of whom responded [59%, mean age: 46 years, body mass index (BMI): 25.5]. The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the IPAQ scoring protocol, version 2.0 (http://www.ipaq.ki) was used. For total HEPA the subjects reported a median of 1,699 (693–3,600) metabolic equivalents (MET) minweek−1. Men reported more total HEPA than women (p<0.001), but the actual median difference is small (36 MET minday−1). For men a difference in total HEPA was seen across education, location and self-rated health categories. For women a difference in total HEPA was seen across BMI, marital status and self-rated health categories. A number of significances were also found for the amount of activities at vigorous- and moderate-intensity levels, as well as walking and sitting. Walking contributed 35 and 45% of the total HEPA for men and women, respectively, and this proportion increased by increasing age, especially for women. There are systematic differences in total HEPA activities between men and woman, and walking contributes to a large part of total HEPA. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using the IPAQ instrument to assess HEPA at the national level. A descriptive study similar to this one using the IPAQ should be carefully carried out in the different European countries and cultural environments. National and European strategies for the promotion of health-enhancing physical activity then should be developed accordingly | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Hagstromer2006,
author = {Hagstromer, Maria and Bergman, Patrick and Bauman, Adrian and Sjostrom, Michael},
title = {The international prevalence study (IPS): health-enhancing physical activity in Sweden},
journal = {Journal of Public Health},
year = {2006},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {301--308},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-006-0032-x}
}
|
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| Hagstromer, M., Oja, P. & Sjostrom, M. | Physical activity and inactivity in an adult population assessed by accelerometry | 2007 | Med Sci Sports Exerc | article | URL |
| Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Strong evidence suggests a link between physical inactivity and chronic disease prevalence in the adult population. To target the right groups for interventions in a population, accurate assessment of physical activity is important. The objective of this study was to assess the levels and pattern of physical activity and inactivity in an adult population sample using an objective method. METHODS: In total, 1114 adults (56% women, 45+/-15 yr), randomly recruited from the Swedish population across a year, used an accelerometer (Actigraph MTI) for seven consecutive days. Inactivity was defined as <100 counts per minute, and cutoff values for moderate and vigorous activity were 1952-5724 and >5724 counts per minute, respectively. Average intensity was measured as counts per minute. RESULTS: The adults were active in at least moderate-intensity activity for a median (intraquartile range) of 31 (18-47) min.d(-1). Fifty-two percent accumulated 30 min.d(-1) of at least moderate-intensity physical activity. Only 1% achieved those 30 min from three or more bouts of at least 10 min. Average intensity, moderate and vigorous physical activity was lower with higher age or body mass index (BMI). Men spent more time than women in moderate and vigorous physical activity, but there was no gender difference in average intensity. The variation in inactivity could not be explained by gender, age, or BMI. CONCLUSION: Objectively obtained estimates of physical activity yielded lower values and a different activity pattern compared with those obtained by commonly used self-reports. This highlights the need to better understand the nature and measurement issues of health-enhancing physical activity of adults | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Hagstromer2007,
author = {Hagstromer, M. and Oja, P. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Physical activity and inactivity in an adult population assessed by accelerometry},
journal = {Med Sci Sports Exerc},
year = {2007},
volume = {39},
number = {9},
pages = {1502--1508},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17805081}
}
|
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| Hagstromer, M., Oja, P. & Sjostrom, M. | The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): a study of concurrent and construct validity | 2006 | Public Health Nutr | article | URL |
| Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed to measure health-related physical activity (PA) in populations. The short version of the IPAQ has been tested extensively and is now used in many international studies. The present study aimed to explore the validity characteristics of the long-version IPAQ. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-six voluntary healthy male and female subjects (age, mean +/- standard deviation: 40.7 +/- 10.3 years) participated in the study. PA indicators derived from the long, self-administered IPAQ were compared with data from an activity monitor and a PA log book for concurrent validity, and with aerobic fitness, body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat for construct validity. RESULTS: Strong positive relationships were observed between the activity monitor data and the IPAQ data for total PA (rho = 0.55, P < 0.001) and vigorous PA (rho = 0.71, P < 0.001), but a weaker relationship for moderate PA (rho = 0.21, P = 0.051). Calculated MET-h day(-1) from the PA log book was significantly correlated with MET-h day(-1) from the IPAQ (rho = 0.67, P < 0.001). A weak correlation was observed between IPAQ data for total PA and both aerobic fitness (rho = 0.21, P = 0.051) and BMI (rho = 0.25, P = 0.009). No significant correlation was observed between percentage body fat and IPAQ variables. Bland-Altman analysis suggested that the inability of activity monitors to detect certain types of activities might introduce a source of error in criterion validation studies. CONCLUSIONS: The long, self-administered IPAQ questionnaire has acceptable validity when assessing levels and patterns of PA in healthy adults | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Hagstromer2006a,
author = {Hagstromer, M. and Oja, P. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): a study of concurrent and construct validity},
journal = {Public Health Nutr},
year = {2006},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {755--762},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16925881}
}
|
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| Hurtig-Wennlof, A., Ruiz, J., Harro, M. & Sjostrom, M. | Cardiorespiratory fitness relates more strongly than physical activity to cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy children and adolescents: the European Youth Heart Study | 2007 | Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. | article | URL |
| Abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are closely related to health variables in adults, especially those considered to be among risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The possible tracking of cardiovascular disease risk factors from childhood to adulthood makes it important to increase our understanding of the complex relationships between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk factors early in life. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, school-based study on healthy children and adolescents, aged 9-10 years (295 girls, 295 boys) and 15-16 years (302 girls, 233 boys) was performed during a school year in Sweden and Estonia, as part of the European Youth Heart Study. METHODS: Total physical activity, and minutes spent in inactivity and activity of moderate or higher intensity were measured by accelerometry. A maximal ergometer bike test was used for estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness. The risk factors included blood pressure and fasting blood levels of insulin, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS: Canonical correlations between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness versus cardiovascular disease risk factors showed significant associations in both age and sex groups (rc=0.46-0.61, P<0.0001). The cardiorespiratory fitness was found to be the strongest contributor to these relationships. In girls high values of the physical activity variables were also associated with a favourable cardiovascular profile. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiorespiratory fitness relates more strongly to cardiovascular risk factors than components of objectively measured physical activity in children and adolescents. Physical activity becomes more important in the 15-year-old adolescents, indicating that these modifiable lifestyle factors increase in importance with age | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Hurtig-Wennlof2007,
author = {Hurtig-Wennlof, A. and Ruiz, J.R. and Harro, M. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Cardiorespiratory fitness relates more strongly than physical activity to cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy children and adolescents: the European Youth Heart Study},
journal = {Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil.},
year = {2007},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {575--581},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17667650}
}
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| Kaati, G., Bygren, L., Pembrey, M. & Sjostrom, M. | Transgenerational response to nutrition, early life circumstances and longevity KAATI2007 | 2007 | Eur J Hum Genet. | article | URL |
| Abstract: Nutrition might induce, at some loci, epigenetic or other changes that could be transmitted to the next generation impacting on health. The slow growth period (SGP) before the prepubertal peak in growth velocity has emerged as a sensitive period where different food availability is followed by different transgenerational response (TGR). The aim of this study is to investigate to what extent the probands own childhood circumstances are in fact the determinants of the findings. In the analysis, data from three random samples, comprising 271 probands and their 1626 parents and grandparents, left after exclusions because of missing data, were utilized. The availability of food during any given year was classified based on regional statistics. The ancestors' SGP was set at the ages of 8-12 years and the availability of food during these years classified as good, intermediate or poor. The probands' childhood circumstances were defined by the father's ownership of land, the number of siblings and order in the sibship, the death of parents and the parents' level of literacy. An earlier finding of a sex-specific influence from the ancestors' nutrition during the SGP, going from the paternal grandmother to the female proband and from the paternal grandfather to the male proband, was confirmed. In addition, a response from father to son emerged when childhood social circumstances of the son were accounted for. Early social circumstances influenced longevity for the male proband. TGRs to ancestors' nutrition prevailed as the main influence on longevity | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Kaati2007,
author = {Kaati, G. and Bygren, L.O. and Pembrey, M. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Transgenerational response to nutrition, early life circumstances and longevity KAATI2007},
journal = {Eur J Hum Genet.},
year = {2007},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {784--790},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17457370}
}
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| Kaati, G., Bygren, L., Vester, M., Karlsson, A. & Sjostrom, M. | Outcomes of comprehensive lifestyle modification in inpatient setting | 2006 | Patient.Educ.Couns. | article | URL |
| Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of a 4-week inpatient non-pharmacological risk factor modification programme for individuals with the metabolic syndrome. The aim of the program was to reduce patients' over risks for stroke and myocardial infarction. METHODS: A prospective clinical study including 2468 patients--1096 men and 1372 women--with and average age of 50 +/- 10 years. The patients were referred to the programme from primary care units and hospitals where treatment options were exhausted. RESULTS: All risk factor levels for stroke and myocardial infarction decreased. The reduction of weight among men was 4.7 +/- 2.6 kg and 3.8 +/- 1.8 kg among women from an initial weight of 96 +/- 17 kg and 85 +/- 16 kg, respectively. The patients systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 15/10 mmHg for men and 14/9 mmHg among women from initial average for the whole population of 148/90 +/- 19/11 mmHg and 146/87 +/- 19/12 mmHg, respectively. The greatest decrease in weight and blood pressure occurred in men and women with an initial body mass index of > or = 30 and with a diastolic blood pressure of > or = 90; in this group, the average reductions in weight were 5.8 +/- 2.4 kg for men and 4.4 +/- 1.7 kg for women; the reductions in systolisk/diastolisk blood pressure were 22/15 +/- 16/9 mmHg (p < 0.001) for both men and women. A reduction of medication (DDD) although not a goal was also achieved. CONCLUSION: The results prove the value of a comprehensive and highly structured inpatient approach to lifestyle modification. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The results should give cause to trials with half-way strategies integrating features from the inpatient programme into the design of risk factor interventions | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Kaati2006,
author = {Kaati, G. and Bygren, L.O. and Vester, M. and Karlsson, A. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Outcomes of comprehensive lifestyle modification in inpatient setting},
journal = {Patient.Educ.Couns.},
year = {2006},
volume = {62},
number = {1},
pages = {95--103},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16139982}
}
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| Kaati, G., Vester, M., Sjostrom, M. & Bygren, L. | Patients attachment patterns and response to a program for alleviating cardiovascular risk factors: a 1-year follow-up of patients in a patient education program KAATI2001 | 2001 | Patient.Educ.Couns. | article | URL |
| Abstract: This study was a 1-year follow-up of 295 consecutive patients at a patient education centre and assessed how attachment style influenced the outcome of the patient education program devised for individuals with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The program consisted of a 4-week residential program course, followed by a 4-day follow-up course a year later. In our cohort study, the 295 consecutive patients (mean age = 52years, S.D.=9.2) with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease, showed an initial overall reduction of 4.4 kg in weight (P=0.0001) and a reduction of 17/11 mm in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P=0.0001 and 0.0001). The weight remained essentially the same at the follow-up 1 year later, whereas blood pressure tended to return to previous level. The attachment style was determined by means of a questionnaire: 87% were classified as 'secure', 9% 'avoidant' and 5% as 'ambivalent'. After 4 weeks, the ambivalent category had reduced weight (body mass index (BMI)) more than the secure group (P=0.04). At the 1-year follow-up, the avoidant category showed a more pronounced reduction in diastolic blood pressure than the other groups (P=0.001). Thus, it seems as if attachment style does have some influence on outcome. Patient education should take advantage of knowing patients' attachment style | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Kaati2001,
author = {Kaati, G. and Vester, M. and Sjostrom, M. and Bygren, L.O.},
title = {Patients attachment patterns and response to a program for alleviating cardiovascular risk factors: a 1-year follow-up of patients in a patient education program KAATI2001},
journal = {Patient.Educ.Couns.},
year = {2001},
volume = {44},
number = {3},
pages = {235--241},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11553424}
}
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| Klasson-Heggebo, L., Andersen, L., Wennlof, A., Sardinha, L., Harro, M., Froberg, K. & Anderssen, S. | Graded associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness, and blood pressure in children and adolescents | 2006 | Br J Sports Med | article | URL |
| Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure the graded relation between cardiorespiratory fitness and sum of skinfolds, waist circumference, and blood pressure in children and adolescents participating in the European youth heart study. METHODS: The participants were 4072 children and adolescents (aged 9 and 15) from Denmark, Portugal, Estonia, and Norway. Cardiorespiratory fitness was indirectly determined using a maximal ergometer cycle test. The sum of four skinfolds, waist circumference, and blood pressure were assessed with a standardised protocol. Linear regression analysis was used to test the graded relation between cardiorespiratory fitness and the dependent variables adjusted for pubertal stage, sex, and country. RESULTS: A significant curvilinear graded relation was found between cardiorespiratory fitness and waist circumference and sum of skinfolds (partial r2 for cardiorespiratory fitness was 0.09-0.26 for the different sexes and age groups). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure also showed a curvilinear relation with cardiorespiratory fitness, and fitness explained 2% of the variance in systolic blood pressure. The difference in systolic blood pressure between the least and most fit was 6 mm Hg. CONCLUSION: A curvilinear graded relation was found between cardiorespiratory fitness and waist circumference, sum of skinfolds, and systolic blood pressure. The greatest difference in these health variables was observed between low and moderate fitness levels | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Klasson-Heggebo2006,
author = {Klasson-Heggebo, L. and Andersen, L.B. and Wennlof, A.H. and Sardinha, L.B. and Harro, M. and Froberg, K. and Anderssen, S.A.},
title = {Graded associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness, and blood pressure in children and adolescents},
journal = {Br J Sports Med},
year = {2006},
volume = {40},
number = {1},
pages = {25--29},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16371486}
}
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| Martin, B., Kahlmeier, S., Racioppi, F., Berggren, F., Miettinen, M., Oppert, J. M., Rutter, H., van Poppel, M., Zakotnik, J., Meusel, D., Oja, P. & Sjostrom, M. | Evidence-based physical activity promotion - HEPA Europe, the European Network for the Promotion of Health-Enhancing Physical Activity | 2006 | Journal of Public Health | article | URL |
| Abstract: Abstract There has been a world-wide increase in scientific interest in health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA). The importance of a physically active lifestyle has now been well established both on the individual and on the population level. At the same time, physical inactivity has become a global problem. While sports for all has a long history, only a few examples of long-term integrated physical activity promotion strategies have been in place in Europe until recently, namely in Finland, the Netherlands and England. A number of countries have now begun to develop their own activities. However, there has been a noticeable lack of a platform for sharing the development and implementation of evidence-based policies and strategies. In order to fill this gap, HEPA Europe, the European Network for the Promotion of Health-Enhancing Physical Activity, was founded in May 2005 in Gerlev, Denmark. The goal of the network is to strengthen and support efforts and actions that increase participation in physical activity and improve the conditions favourable to a healthy lifestyle, in particular with respect to HEPA. The Network is working closely with the WHO Regional Office for Europe (http://www.euro.who.int/hepa). The network focuses on population-based approaches for the promotion of HEPA, using the best-available scientific evidence, and is currently implementing its first projects. HEPA Europe has established collaboration with EU Commission projects and Agita Mundo. Priorities for future work have been defined, and interested organisations and institutions have the opportunity to join the network and participate in the process | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Martin2006,
author = {Martin, Brian and Kahlmeier, Sonja and Racioppi, Francesca and Berggren, Finn and Miettinen, Mari and Oppert, Jean Michel and Rutter, Harry and van Poppel, Mireille and Zakotnik, Jozica and Meusel, Dirk and Oja, Pekka and Sjostrom, Michael},
title = {Evidence-based physical activity promotion - HEPA Europe, the European Network for the Promotion of Health-Enhancing Physical Activity},
journal = {Journal of Public Health},
year = {2006},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {53--57},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-006-0029-5}
}
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| Moreno, L., Gonzalez-Gross, M., Kersting, M., Molnar, D., de, H. S., Beghin, L., Sjostrom, M., Hagstromer, M., Manios, Y., Gilbert, C., Ortega, F., Dallongeville, J., Arcella, D., Warnberg, J., Hallberg, M., Fredriksson, H., Maes, L., Widhalm, K., Kafatos, A. & Marcos, A. | Assessing, understanding and modifying nutritional status, eating habits and physical activity in European adolescents: The HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study | 2007 | Public Health Nutr | article | URL |
| Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify the main knowledge gaps and to propose research lines that will be developed within the European Union-funded 'Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence' (HELENA) project, concerning the nutritional status, physical fitness and physical activity of adolescents in Europe. DESIGN: Review of the currently existing literature. RESULTS: The main gaps identified were: lack of harmonised and comparable data on food intake; lack of understanding regarding the role of eating attitudes, food choices and food preferences; lack of harmonised and comparable data on levels and patterns of physical activity and physical fitness; lack of comparable data about obesity prevalence and body composition; lack of comparable data about micronutrient and immunological status; and lack of effective intervention methodologies for healthier lifestyles. CONCLUSIONS: The HELENA Study Group should develop, test and describe harmonised and state-of-the-art methods to assess the nutritional status and lifestyle of adolescents across Europe; develop and evaluate an intervention on eating habits and physical activity; and develop and test new healthy food products attractive for European adolescents | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Moreno2007,
author = {Moreno, L. and Gonzalez-Gross, M. and Kersting, M. and Molnar, D. and de, Henauw S. and Beghin, L. and Sjostrom, M. and Hagstromer, M. and Manios, Y. and Gilbert, C. and Ortega, F. and Dallongeville, J. and Arcella, D. and Warnberg, J. and Hallberg, M. and Fredriksson, H. and Maes, L. and Widhalm, K. and Kafatos, A. and Marcos, A.},
title = {Assessing, understanding and modifying nutritional status, eating habits and physical activity in European adolescents: The HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study},
journal = {Public Health Nutr},
year = {2007},
pages = {1--12},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17617932}
}
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| Orsini, N., Bellocco, R., Bottai, M., Hagstromer, M., Sjostrom, M., Pagano, M. & Wolk, A. | Profile of physical activity behaviors among Swedish women aged 56-75 years | 2007 | Scand J Med Sci Sports | article | URL |
| Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess profiles of physical activity (PA) behavior using accelerometers among middle-aged and elderly women in free-living conditions. A subset of 133 women aged 56-75 years from the population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort with valid accelerometer data was included in the analysis. The proportion of women who met the PA recommendation of accumulating 30 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), in either one continuous bout or several shorter bouts lasting 8-10 min, on five or more days/week was 31%. The precision of mean daily estimates of MVPA and of inactivity based on 7 days monitoring was 0.80 and 0.86, respectively. On average, participants spent 103 min/day on MVPA, but only about a third of that time was accumulated in the recommended pattern of bouts lasting at least 8-10 min. Obese women had, on average, one bout of MVPA less than normal-weight women (mean 3.6 bouts/day). The mean MVPA decreased 10 min/day with every 5-year increase in age. A low proportion of women accumulated MVPA in the pattern recommended for health benefits. The proportion would increase considerably if women maintained their current amount of MVPA but increased the duration of each bout of MVPA | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Orsini2007,
author = {Orsini, N. and Bellocco, R. and Bottai, M. and Hagstromer, M. and Sjostrom, M. and Pagano, M. and Wolk, A.},
title = {Profile of physical activity behaviors among Swedish women aged 56-75 years},
journal = {Scand J Med Sci Sports},
year = {2007},
pages = {--},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17355323}
}
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| Ortega, F., Ruiz, J., Castillo, M., Moreno, L., Gonzalez-Gross, M., Warnberg, J. & Gutierrez, A. | [Low level of physical fitness in Spanish adolescents. Relevance for future cardiovascular health (AVENA study)] | 2005 | Rev Esp.Cardiol. | article | URL |
| Abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Several studies have demonstrated that physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is related to cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Current data on the physical fitness of Spanish adolescents are not available. Therefore, the aims of this study were: a) to assess the physical fitness of Spanish adolescents and establish reference values for use in health and educational settings as indicators of cardiovascular health, and b) to determine the percentage of Spanish adolescents below the minimum level of aerobic fitness needed to guarantee future cardiovascular health. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The modified EUROFIT battery of tests was used to assess physical fitness in a representative sample of Spanish adolescents (n=2859; 1357 boys and 1502 girls) taking part in the AVENA (Alimentacion y Valoracion del Estado Nutricional de los Adolescentes) study. RESULTS: Standard parameters for the physical condition of Spanish adolescents are reported in this study. The 5th percentile for maximum aerobic capacity (Course Navette test) ranged from 2.0-3.3 palier in boys and from 1.4-1.9 palier in girls. The findings indicate that, on the basis of aerobic fitness, approximately 20% of Spanish adolescents have an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease. This subgroup also performed poorly in all other tests of physical fitness used. CONCLUSIONS: The results reported in this study enable the level of physical fitness in adolescents to be interpreted as an indicator of future cardiovascular health. They also indicate that the physical fitness of Spanish adolescents must be improved to help protect against cardiovascular disease in adulthood | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ortega2005,
author = {Ortega, F.B. and Ruiz, J.R. and Castillo, M.J. and Moreno, L.A. and Gonzalez-Gross, M. and Warnberg, J. and Gutierrez, A.},
title = {[Low level of physical fitness in Spanish adolescents. Relevance for future cardiovascular health (AVENA study)]},
journal = {Rev Esp.Cardiol.},
year = {2005},
volume = {58},
number = {8},
pages = {898--909},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16053823}
}
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| Ortega, F., Ruiz, J., Mesa, J., Gutierrez, A. & Sjostrom, M. | Cardiovascular fitness in adolescents: The influence of sexual maturation status-The AVENA and EYHS studies | 2007 | Am J Hum Biol | article | URL |
| Abstract: The purposes were: (1) to determine the influence of sexual maturation status and body composition by comparing cardiovascular fitness (CVF) level in two adolescent populations from the south and the north of Europe; (2) to describe the associations between CVF and sexual maturation status in adolescence. A total of 1,867 Spanish adolescents from the AVENA study and 472 from the Swedish part of the EYHS were selected for this report (aged 14-16 years). CVF (expressed by the maximal oxygen consumption) was estimated from 20 m shuttle run test in the AVENA study and from a maximal ergometer cycle test in the EYHS. Sexual maturation status was classified according to Tanner stages. Body fat percentage (BF%) was estimated from skinfold thicknesses. Expressing CVF in different ways (in absolute value and in relation to weight or fat free mass; FFM) resulted in two different results with regard to CVF interpretation and comparison between the study populations. A higher CVF, as expressed in relation to FFM, was observed in the Spanish when compared to Swedish adolescents (P = 0.001). However, after adjusting for both sexual maturation status and BF%, the difference disappeared in males, while it remained significant in females (P = 0.001). CVF was negatively associated with sexual maturation status in males (P = 0.001). However, after adjusting for BF%, the association disappeared in males, while it was significant in females (P = 0.05). These results suggest that for CVF comparisons and interpretation in adolescent populations, sexual maturation status and BF%, as well as the way to express the CVF, should be taken into account. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2007. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ortega2007a,
author = {Ortega, F.B. and Ruiz, J.R. and Mesa, J.L. and Gutierrez, A. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Cardiovascular fitness in adolescents: The influence of sexual maturation status-The AVENA and EYHS studies},
journal = {Am J Hum Biol},
year = {2007},
volume = {19},
number = {6},
pages = {801--808},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17712790}
}
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| Ortega, F., Tresaco, B., Ruiz, J., Moreno, L., Martin-Matillas, M., Mesa, J., Warnberg, J., Bueno, M., Tercedor, P., Gutierrez, A. & Castillo, M. | Cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary activities are associated with adiposity in adolescents ORTEGA2007 ORTEGA2007 | 2007 | Obesity (Silver.Spring) | article | URL |
| Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether physical activity, sedentary activities, and/or cardiorespiratory fitness are related to waist circumference in adolescents, as previously reported in adults. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The study subjects were a representative sample of Spanish adolescents (N = 2859; 1357 boys, 1502 girls; age, 13 to 18.5 years), all of whom were involved in the AVENA (Food and Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Adolescents) study. BMI, waist circumference, pubertal maturation status, and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured in all. Leisure-time physical activity, sedentary activities, active commuting to school, and socioeconomic status were assessed by self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS: No relationship was found between leisure-time physical activity and BMI or waist circumference. In contrast, and in both boys and girls and after adjustment for confounding variables, cardiorespiratory fitness was found to be inversely associated with waist circumference and BMI, independent of sedentary activities or physical activity (p < or = 0.001). The maximum oxygen consumption explained 13% of the variance in waist circumference in boys and 16% in girls. Sedentary activities were independently and directly related to waist circumference in both boys and girls (p < or = 0.05) and to BMI in boys (p < or = 0.05). Sedentary activities explained 10% of the variance in waist circumference in boys and 18% in girls. The BMI-adjusted waist circumference was inversely correlated with cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight-obese boys (p < or = 0.05) and showed a trend toward significance in girls (p < or = 0.1). DISCUSSION: Both moderate to high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary activities, but not physical activity, are associated with lower abdominal adiposity, as measured by waist circumference | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ortega2007,
author = {Ortega, F.B. and Tresaco, B. and Ruiz, J.R. and Moreno, L.A. and Martin-Matillas, M. and Mesa, J.L. and Warnberg, J. and Bueno, M. and Tercedor, P. and Gutierrez, A. and Castillo, M.J.},
title = {Cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary activities are associated with adiposity in adolescents ORTEGA2007 ORTEGA2007},
journal = {Obesity (Silver.Spring)},
year = {2007},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {1589--1599},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17557997}
}
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| Patterson, E., McGeough, D., Cannon, E., Hagstromer, M., Bergman, P., Kearney, J. & Sjostrom, M. | Self-efficacy, stages of change and physical activity in Irish college students | 2006 | Journal of Public Health | article | URL |
| Abstract: AbstractAim A low level of physical activity is a risk factor for several chronic diseases, and evidence suggests that physical activity levels are in decline. Reversing this trend will involve a change in behaviour for most people. However, the associations between many psychosocial determinants and physical activity are not well understood. This study aims to examine the relationship between self-reported physical activity and perceived self-efficacy and stages of change.Subjects and methods Students attending a third-level college in Dublin, Ireland, were recruited to participate in the study (n=201, mean age 20.7 years). Physical activity was assessed with the use of the long format, self-administered International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and subjects were assigned to tertiles of activity. Self-efficacy and stages of change (in relation to increasing physical activity) were assessed by means of a questionnaire.Results Males reported more physical activity, had higher self-efficacy and were more likely to be in the action or maintenance stages of change. The stages of change were positively correlated with tertiles of reported activity (P<0.001) in both genders. The correlation between activity and positive self-efficacy was significant (P<0.001) for males but not for females.Conclusion Self-efficacy may be an important determinant of physical activity, and awareness of the stages of change may also help to explain physical activity although this effect appears to differ by gender. Physical activity is a complex behaviour, and the factors that determine it must be better understood if health promotion strategies to increase it are to be successful | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Patterson2006,
author = {Patterson, Emma and McGeough, Dara and Cannon, Emer and Hagstromer, Maria and Bergman, Patrick and Kearney, John and Sjostrom, Michael},
title = {Self-efficacy, stages of change and physical activity in Irish college students},
journal = {Journal of Public Health},
year = {2006},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {81--86},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-006-0028-6}
}
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| Pembrey, M., Bygren, L., Kaati, G., Edvinsson, S., Northstone, K., Sjostrom, M. & Golding, J. | Sex-specific, male-line transgenerational responses in humans PEMBREY2006 | 2006 | Eur J Hum Genet. | article | URL |
| Abstract: Transgenerational effects of maternal nutrition or other environmental 'exposures' are well recognised, but the possibility of exposure in the male influencing development and health in the next generation(s) is rarely considered. However, historical associations of longevity with paternal ancestors' food supply in the slow growth period (SGP) in mid childhood have been reported. Using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we identified 166 fathers who reported starting smoking before age 11 years and compared the growth of their offspring with those with a later paternal onset of smoking, after correcting for confounders. We analysed food supply effects on offspring and grandchild mortality risk ratios (RR) using 303 probands and their 1818 parents and grandparents from the 1890, 1905 and 1920 Overkalix cohorts, northern Sweden. After appropriate adjustment, early paternal smoking is associated with greater body mass index (BMI) at 9 years in sons, but not daughters. Sex-specific effects were also shown in the Overkalix data; paternal grandfather's food supply was only linked to the mortality RR of grandsons, while paternal grandmother's food supply was only associated with the granddaughters' mortality RR. These transgenerational effects were observed with exposure during the SGP (both grandparents) or fetal/infant life (grandmothers) but not during either grandparent's puberty. We conclude that sex-specific, male-line transgenerational responses exist in humans and hypothesise that these transmissions are mediated by the sex chromosomes, X and Y. Such responses add an entirely new dimension to the study of gene-environment interactions in development and health | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Pembrey2006,
author = {Pembrey, M.E. and Bygren, L.O. and Kaati, G. and Edvinsson, S. and Northstone, K. and Sjostrom, M. and Golding, J.},
title = {Sex-specific, male-line transgenerational responses in humans PEMBREY2006},
journal = {Eur J Hum Genet.},
year = {2006},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {159--166},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16391557}
}
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| Poortvliet, E., Yngve, A., Ekelund, U., Hurtig-Wennlof, A., Nilsson, A., Hagstromer, M. & Sjostrom, M. | The European Youth Heart Survey (EYHS): an international study that addresses the multi-dimensional issues of CVD risk factors [BibTeX] |
2003 | Forum Nutr | article | URL |
BibTeX:
@article{Poortvliet2003,
author = {Poortvliet, E. and Yngve, A. and Ekelund, U. and Hurtig-Wennlof, A. and Nilsson, A. and Hagstromer, M. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {The European Youth Heart Survey (EYHS): an international study that addresses the multi-dimensional issues of CVD risk factors},
journal = {Forum Nutr},
year = {2003},
volume = {56},
pages = {254--256},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15806888}
}
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| Rizzo, N., Ruiz, J., Hurtig-Wennlof, A., Ortega, F. & Sjostrom, M. | Relationship of physical activity, fitness, and fatness with clustered metabolic risk in children and adolescents: the European youth heart study | 2007 | J Pediatr | article | URL |
| Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations of physical activity (PA) at different levels and intensities and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with a clustering of metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with special consideration of body fat. STUDY DESIGN: Total PA and intensity levels were measured by accelerometry in children (9 years, n = 273) and adolescents (15 years, n = 256). CRF was measured with a maximal ergometer bike test. Measured outcomes included fasting insulin, glucose, triglycerides, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and body fat. A metabolic risk score (MRS) was computed as the mean of the standardized outcome scores. A "non-obesity-MRS" was computed omitting body fat from the MRS. Analysis of variance and multiple regressions were used in the analysis. RESULTS: Total and vigorous PA was inversely significantly associated with MRS in adolescent girls, the group with lowest PA, becoming insignificant when CRF was introduced in the analysis. Significant regression coefficients of total PA and CRF on non-obesity-MRS diminished when body fat was entered in the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: CRF is more strongly correlated to metabolic risk than total PA, whereas body fat appears to have a pivotal role in the association of CRF with metabolic risk | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Rizzo2007,
author = {Rizzo, N.S. and Ruiz, J.R. and Hurtig-Wennlof, A. and Ortega, F.B. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Relationship of physical activity, fitness, and fatness with clustered metabolic risk in children and adolescents: the European youth heart study},
journal = {J Pediatr},
year = {2007},
volume = {150},
number = {4},
pages = {388--394},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17382116}
}
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| Rodrigo, C., Van, P. E., Gibney, M. & Sjostrom, M. | ILSI Europe workshop on Diet and Physical Activity--Interactions for Health: summary and conclusions. 22-24 March, 1999 in Chamonix, France. International Life Sciences Institute [BibTeX] |
1999 | Public Health Nutr | article | URL |
BibTeX:
@article{Rodrigo1999,
author = {Rodrigo, C.P. and Van, Praagh E. and Gibney, M. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {ILSI Europe workshop on Diet and Physical Activity--Interactions for Health: summary and conclusions. 22-24 March, 1999 in Chamonix, France. International Life Sciences Institute},
journal = {Public Health Nutr},
year = {1999},
volume = {2},
number = {3A},
pages = {321--325},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10610067}
}
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| Ruiz, J., Espana-Romero, V., Ortega, F., Sjostrom, M., Castillo, M. & Gutierrez, A. | Hand span influences optimal grip span in male and female teenagers RUIZ2006 | 2006 | J Hand Surg.[Am] | article | URL |
| Abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if there is an optimal grip span for determining the maximum handgrip strength in male and female teenagers, and if the optimal grip span was related to hand span. If they are related then the second aim was to derive a mathematic equation relating hand span and optimal grip span. METHODS: One hundred healthy teenage boys (15.1 +/- 1.1 y) and 106 girls (15.4 +/- 1.3 y) were evaluated (age range, 13-18 y). Each hand was randomly tested on 10 occasions using 5 different grip spans, allowing a 1-minute rest between attempts. The hand span was measured from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the small finger with the hand opened as wide as possible. RESULTS: The results showed that an optimal grip span to determine the maximum handgrip strength was identified for both genders, and the optimal grip span and hand span correlated in both genders. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that there is an optimal grip span to which the dynamometer should be adjusted when measuring handgrip strength in teenagers. The optimal grip span was influenced by hand span in both genders. For males the optimal grip span can be derived from the equation y = x/7.2 + 3.1 cm, and for females from the equation y = x/4 + 1.1 cm. where y is the optimal grip span and x is the hand-span. These equations may improve the reliability and accuracy of the results and may guide clinicians and researchers in selecting the optimal grip span on the hand dynamometer when measuring handgrip strength in teenagers | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ruiz2006c,
author = {Ruiz, J.R. and Espana-Romero, V. and Ortega, F.B. and Sjostrom, M. and Castillo, M.J. and Gutierrez, A.},
title = {Hand span influences optimal grip span in male and female teenagers RUIZ2006},
journal = {J Hand Surg.[Am]},
year = {2006},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {1367--1372},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17027801}
}
|
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| Ruiz, J., Hurtig-Wennlof, A., Ortega, F., Patterson, E., Nilsson, T., Castillo, M. & Sjostrom, M. | Homocysteine levels in children and adolescents are associated with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C>T genotype, but not with physical activity, fitness or fatness: the European Youth Heart Study | 2007 | Br J Nutr | article | URL |
| Abstract: To examine the associations of total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) with physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness in children and adolescents, a cross-sectional study of 301 children (9-10 years old) and 379 adolescents (15-16 years old) was conducted. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with a maximal ergometer bike test. Body fat was derived from the sum of five skinfold thicknesses. Genotyping for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T polymorphism was done by DNA sequencing. Fasting tHcy level was the outcome variable. Multiple regressions were used to determine the degree to which variance in tHcy was explained by physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat, after controlling for potential confounders including MTHFR 677C>T genotype. tHcy levels were neither associated with any measure of level and pattern of physical activity nor with data on cardiorespiratory fitness, or body fat, in any age group after controlling for potential confounders including MTHFR 677C>T and even when subgroups 677TT and 677CC+CT were analysed separately. Mean values of tHcy were significantly higher in the TT subgroup compared with CC and CT subgroups in children (TT 7.4 micromol/l, CC 6.3 micromol/l, CT 6.6 micromol/l, P < 0.001 and P = 0.019, respectively) and adolescents (TT 16.9 micromol/l, CC 8.3 micromol/l, CT 9.0 micromol/l, both P < 0.001). The results suggest that physical activity, fitness and body fat are not associated with tHcy levels in children and adolescents, even after controlling for presence of the MTHFR 677C>T genotype, the main influence on tHcy levels in these subjects | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ruiz2007d,
author = {Ruiz, J.R. and Hurtig-Wennlof, A. and Ortega, F.B. and Patterson, E. and Nilsson, T.K. and Castillo, M.J. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Homocysteine levels in children and adolescents are associated with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C>T genotype, but not with physical activity, fitness or fatness: the European Youth Heart Study},
journal = {Br J Nutr},
year = {2007},
volume = {97},
number = {2},
pages = {255--262},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17298693}
}
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| Ruiz, J., Ortega, F., Gutierrez, A., Meusel, D., Sjostrom, M. & Castillo, M. | Health-related fitness assessment in childhood and adolescence: a European approach based on the AVENA, EYHS and HELENA studies | 2006 | Journal of Public Health | article | URL |
| Abstract: Abstract Results from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies such as Alimentacin y Valoracin del Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes: Food and Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Spanish Adolescents (AVENA) and the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS) respectively, highlight physical fitness as a key health marker in childhood and adolescence. Moderate and vigourous levels of physical activity stimulate functional adaptation of all tissues and organs in the body (i.e. improve fitness), thereby also making them less vulnerable to lifestyle-related degenerative and chronic diseases. To identify children and adolescents at risk for these major public health diseases and to be able to evaluate the effects of alternative intervention strategies in European countries and internationally, comparable testing methodology across Europe has to be developed, tested, agreed upon and included in the health monitoring systems currently under development by the European Commission (EC): the Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs (DG SANCO); the Statistical Office of the European Communities (EUROSTAT), etc. The Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study group plans, among other things, to describe the health-related fitness of adolescents in a number of European countries. Experiences from AVENA and EYHS will be taken advantage of. This review summarises results and experiences from the developmental work so far and suggests a set of health-related fitness tests for possible use in future health information systems | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ruiz2006b,
author = {Ruiz, Jonatan and Ortega, Francisco and Gutierrez, Angel and Meusel, Dirk and Sjostrom, Michael and Castillo, Manuel},
title = {Health-related fitness assessment in childhood and adolescence: a European approach based on the AVENA, EYHS and HELENA studies},
journal = {Journal of Public Health},
year = {2006},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {269--277},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-006-0059-z}
}
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| Ruiz, J., Ortega, F., Loit, H., Veidebaum, T. & Sjostrom, M. | Body fat is associated with blood pressure in school-aged girls with low cardiorespiratory fitness: the European Youth Heart Study RUIZ2007 | 2007 | J Hypertens | article | URL |
| Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between anthropometric measurements of total and central adiposity and blood pressure in school-aged children, and to study whether these associations are modified by the levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight, height, skinfold thickness and waist circumference were measured in 873 children aged 9-10 years participating in the Estonian and Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study. Mean arterial pressure was calculated. Body mass index and skinfold thickness were used as markers of total adiposity, whereas waist circumference and waist-height ratio were used as markers of central adiposity. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated by a maximal ergometer bike test, and dichotomized into low and high levels. RESULTS: Markers of total and central adiposity were positively associated with blood pressure. The results from the regression models showed that the markers of total and central adiposity were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure in girls with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. Similar results were observed when mean arterial pressure was the outcome variable. None of the markers of total and central adiposity were significantly associated with blood pressure in girls with high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness or in boys with low or high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS: The results show a positive influence of simple anthropometric measurements of total and central adiposity on blood pressure, and suggest that higher cardiorespiratory fitness may attenuate the association between body fat and blood pressure in school-aged children | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ruiz2007,
author = {Ruiz, J.R. and Ortega, F.B. and Loit, H.M. and Veidebaum, T. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Body fat is associated with blood pressure in school-aged girls with low cardiorespiratory fitness: the European Youth Heart Study RUIZ2007},
journal = {J Hypertens},
year = {2007},
volume = {25},
number = {10},
pages = {2027--2034},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17885544}
}
|
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| Ruiz, J., Ortega, F., Meusel, D., Harro, M., Oja, P. & Sjostrom, M. | Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with features of metabolic risk factors in children. Should cardiorespiratory fitness be assessed in a European health monitoring system? The European Youth Heart Study | 2006 | Journal of Public Health | article | URL |
| Abstract: Abstract The question as to whether fitness should be assessed in a European health monitoring system, perhaps from the early stages of life onwards, remains to be answered. We aimed to examine the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic risk factors in children. A total of 873 healthy children from Sweden and Estonia aged 9–10 years (444 girls and 429 boys) were randomly selected. A maximal ergometer bike test was used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness. Additional cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. Significant differences among cardiorespiratory fitness quartiles for the sum of five skinfolds, insulin resistance, triglycerides, and total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) ratio were shown in girls whereas in boys, the sum of five skinfolds and insulin resistance were significantly different. The lowest sum of five skinfolds and insulin resistance was shown in the highest cardiorespiratory fitness quartile in girls and boys, and the lowest values of triglyceride and TC/HDLc values in the highest cardiorespiratory fitness quartile was observed only in girls. Cardiorespiratory fitness was negatively associated with a clustering of metabolic risk factors in girls and boys. The results add supportive evidence to the body of knowledge suggesting that cardiorespiratory fitness in children is an important health marker and thus should be considered to be included in a pan-European health monitoring system | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ruiz2006a,
author = {Ruiz, Jonatan and Ortega, Francisco and Meusel, Dirk and Harro, Maarike and Oja, Pekka and Sjostrom, Michael},
title = {Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with features of metabolic risk factors in children. Should cardiorespiratory fitness be assessed in a European health monitoring system? The European Youth Heart Study},
journal = {Journal of Public Health},
year = {2006},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {94--102},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-006-0026-8}
}
|
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| Ruiz, J., Ortega, F., Rizzo, N., Villa, I., Hurtig-Wennlof, A., Oja, L. & Sjostrom, M. | High cardiovascular fitness is associated with low metabolic risk score in children: the European Youth Heart Study RUIZ2007 | 2007 | Pediatr Res | article | URL |
| Abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of cardiovascular fitness (CVF) with a clustering of metabolic risk factors in children, and to examine whether there is a CVF level associated with a low metabolic risk. CVF was estimated by a maximal ergometer bike test on 873 randomly selected children from Sweden and Estonia. Additional measured outcomes included fasting insulin, glucose, triglycerides, HDLC, blood pressure, and the sum of five skinfolds. A metabolic risk score was computed as the mean of the standardized outcomes scores. A risk score <75th percentile was considered to indicate a low metabolic risk. CVF was negatively associated with clustering of metabolic risk factors in children. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a significant discriminatory accuracy of CVF in identifying the low/high metabolic risk in girls and boys (p < 0.001). The CVF level for a low metabolic risk was 37.0 and 42.1 mL/kg/min in girls and boys, respectively. These levels are similar to the health-related threshold values of CVF suggested by worldwide recognized organizations. In conclusion, the results suggest a hypothetical CVF level for having a low metabolic risk, which should be further tested in longitudinal and/or intervention studies | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ruiz2007b,
author = {Ruiz, J.R. and Ortega, F.B. and Rizzo, N.S. and Villa, I. and Hurtig-Wennlof, A. and Oja, L. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {High cardiovascular fitness is associated with low metabolic risk score in children: the European Youth Heart Study RUIZ2007},
journal = {Pediatr Res},
year = {2007},
volume = {61},
number = {3},
pages = {350--355},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17314696}
}
|
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| Ruiz, J., Ortega, F., Warnberg, J. & Sjostrom, M. | Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study | 2007 | Int J Obes (Lond) | article | URL |
| Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of low-grade inflammation with objectively measured physical activity, cardiovascular fitness (CVF) and fatness in prepubertal children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: One hundred and forty-two children (74 boys and 68 girls) aged 9-10 years (pubertal stage I and II) from the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study. MEASUREMENTS: Total physical activity and its intensity levels (moderate, vigorous, moderate + vigorous) were measured by accelerometry. CVF was measured with a maximal ergometer bike test. Body fat was derived from the sum of five skinfold thicknesses. The measured low-grade inflammatory markers include C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, complement factors C3 and C4. RESULTS: C-reactive protein and C3 were negatively associated with CVF (beta=-0.254 and -0.267, respectively, P<0.05) and positively associated with body fat (beta=0.439 and 0.446, respectively, P<0.001), after controlling for sex, age and pubertal development. C-reactive protein and C3 were not significantly associated with CVF once body fat was in the model. Low-grade inflammation was not associated with physical activity, but physical activity was associated with CVF. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that low-grade inflammatory markers were negatively associated with CVF and positively associated with body fat in prepubertal children. For most of the variables, the influence of fatness was slightly higher than the influence of CVF. The findings suggest that the potential beneficial effects of physical activity on low-grade inflammation may be explained by its association with CVF. Understanding the interplay between physical activity, CVF and fatness may be of importance to reducing cardiovascular disease risk in young people | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ruiz2007a,
author = {Ruiz, J.R. and Ortega, F.B. and Warnberg, J. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study},
journal = {Int J Obes (Lond)},
year = {2007},
volume = {31},
number = {10},
pages = {1545--1551},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17653064}
}
|
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| Ruiz, J., Rizzo, N., Hurtig-Wennlof, A., Ortega, F., Warnberg, J. & Sjostrom, M. | Relations of total physical activity and intensity to fitness and fatness in children: the European Youth Heart Study | 2006 | Am J Clin Nutr | article | URL |
| Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear how the amount and intensity of physical activity (PA) are associated with cardiovascular fitness (CVF) and body fatness in children. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the associations of total PA and intensity levels to CVF and fatness in children. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of 780 children aged 9-10 y from Sweden and Estonia was conducted. PA was measured by accelerometry and was expressed as min/d of total PA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA. CVF was measured with a maximal ergometer bike test and was expressed as W/kg. Body fat was derived from the sum of 5 skinfold-thickness measurements. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the degree to which variance in CVF and body fat was explained by PA, after control for age, sex, and study location. RESULTS: Lower body fat was significantly associated with higher levels of vigorous PA, but not with moderate or total PA. Those children who engaged in >40 min vigorous PA/d had lower body fat than did those who engaged in 10-18 min vigorous PA/d. Total PA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA were positively associated with CVF. Those children who engaged in >40 min vigorous PA/d had higher CVF than did those who accumulated <18 min vigorous PA/d. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that PA of vigorous intensity may have a greater effect on preventing obesity in children than does PA of lower intensity, whereas both total and at least moderate to vigorous PA may improve children's CVF | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ruiz2006,
author = {Ruiz, J.R. and Rizzo, N.S. and Hurtig-Wennlof, A. and Ortega, F.B. and Warnberg, J. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Relations of total physical activity and intensity to fitness and fatness in children: the European Youth Heart Study},
journal = {Am J Clin Nutr},
year = {2006},
volume = {84},
number = {2},
pages = {299--303},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16895875}
}
|
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| Ruiz, J., Rizzo, N., Ortega, F., Loit, H., Veidebaum, T. & Sjostrom, M. | Markers of insulin resistance are associated with fatness and fitness in school-aged children: the European Youth Heart Study RUIZ2007B | 2007 | Diabetologia | article | URL |
| Abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Our aim was to examine the association between markers of insulin resistance and: (1) body fat and waist circumference, taking into account cardiorespiratory fitness in school-aged children; and (2) cardiorespiratory fitness at differing levels of body fat and waist circumference. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 873 children aged 9.6 +/- 0.4 years from Estonia and Sweden. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured. Body fat was expressed as the sum of five skinfold thicknesses. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated by a maximal cycle-ergometer test. The studied markers of insulin resistance were fasting insulin and glucose, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). RESULTS: HOMA and fasting insulin were positively associated with body fat and waist circumference after adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness, age, pubertal status and study location. HOMA and fasting insulin were negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in children in the third (highest) tertile of body fat and waist circumference after controlling for sex, age, pubertal status and study location. Fasting glucose was negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in children in the third (highest) tertile of waist circumference, but it was not associated when body fat was taken into account. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In school-aged children, HOMA and fasting insulin are significantly associated with body fat and waist circumference. In addition, cardiorespiratory fitness explains a significant proportion of the HOMA and fasting insulin variance in those children with high levels of body fat and waist circumference. The findings suggest that the deleterious consequences ascribed to high fatness could be counteracted by having high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ruiz2007c,
author = {Ruiz, J.R. and Rizzo, N.S. and Ortega, F.B. and Loit, H.M. and Veidebaum, T. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Markers of insulin resistance are associated with fatness and fitness in school-aged children: the European Youth Heart Study RUIZ2007B},
journal = {Diabetologia},
year = {2007},
volume = {50},
number = {7},
pages = {1401--1408},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17492430}
}
|
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| Ruiz, J., Sola, R., Gonzalez-Gross, M., Ortega, F., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Garcia-Fuentes, M., Gutierrez, A., Sjostrom, M., Pietrzik, K. & Castillo, M. | Cardiovascular fitness is negatively associated with homocysteine levels in female adolescents RUIZ2007A | 2007 | Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med | article | URL |
| Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between cardiovascular fitness and homocysteine levels in adolescents. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Madrid, Murcia, Granada, Santander, and Zaragoza, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred fifty-six Spanish adolescents (76 boys and 80 girls) aged (mean +/- SD) 14.8 +/- 1.4 years. MAIN EXPOSURES: Cardiovascular fitness was measured by the 20-m shuttle run test. Pubertal stage, birth weight, smoking status, and socioeconomic status were determined, and the sum of 6 skinfold thickness measurements, and serum folic acid and vitamin B(12) levels were measured. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; 677C>T genotype) polymorphism was done by DNA sequencing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Fasting homocysteine levels. RESULTS: Mean values of homocysteine were significantly higher in the MTHFR 677CT and TT genotype subgroups compared with the CC genotype subgroup in adolescent boys, whereas in adolescent girls, mean values of homocysteine were significantly higher in the MTHFR 677CT and TT genotype subgroup compared with the CC and CT genotype subgroups. Multiple regression analyses showed that cardiovascular fitness was significantly associated with homocysteine levels in female adolescents after controlling for potential confounders including the MTHFR 677C>T genotype (beta = -0.40; semipartial correlation = -0.35; P = .007). No associations were found between cardiovascular fitness and homocysteine levels in male adolescents (beta = 0.12; semipartial correlation = 0.08; P = .51). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that cardiovascular fitness is negatively associated with homocysteine levels in female adolescents after controlling for potential cofounders including MTHFR 677C>T genotype | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Ruiz2007e,
author = {Ruiz, J.R. and Sola, R. and Gonzalez-Gross, M. and Ortega, F.B. and Vicente-Rodriguez, G. and Garcia-Fuentes, M. and Gutierrez, A. and Sjostrom, M. and Pietrzik, K. and Castillo, M.J.},
title = {Cardiovascular fitness is negatively associated with homocysteine levels in female adolescents RUIZ2007A},
journal = {Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med},
year = {2007},
volume = {161},
number = {2},
pages = {166--171},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17283302}
}
|
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| Rutten, A., Vuillemin, A., Ooijendijk, W., Schena, F., Sjostrom, M., Stahl, T., Vanden, A. Y., Welshman, J. & Ziemainz, H. | Physical activity monitoring in Europe. The European Physical Activity Surveillance System (EUPASS) approach and indicator testing | 2003 | Public Health Nutr | article | URL |
| Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this paper is to describe the approach and specific findings of the European Physical Activity Surveillance System (EUPASS) research project. In particular, the analysis presented aims at testing the reliability, comparability and predictive power of different sets of physical activity (PA) indicators. DESIGN: First, a panel study based on computer-aided telephone interview (CATI) was designed to report PA data of a representative, selected group of about 100 persons per country at three points in time. Second, a CATI time series survey was carried out with the goal of realising about 100 interviews per month over six consecutive months. SETTING: The project was carried out in eight European countries to support the development of the European Union's (EU) Health Monitoring Programme. SUBJECTS: Random population samples (subjects aged 18 years and older) were drawn from each participating country. RESULTS: While many PA indicators used in EU countries to date as well as the psychosocial and environmental measures tested in the present study had acceptable to good reliability coefficients, the test-retest reliability scores of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) version tested (the short (last 7 days) telephone interview IPAQ; IPAQ-S7T) were rather low. The comparability between extant national PA items and the IPAQ-S7T was low for all countries. The strongest predictors of perceived health were the psychosocial and environmental PA indicators. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of the present study, more research is needed to further investigate and improve the quality of the IPAQ. In addition, the specific predictive power of the tested psychosocial and environmental PA indicators on perceived health should be of particular interest for designing health surveillance activities in the future | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Rutten2003,
author = {Rutten, A. and Vuillemin, A. and Ooijendijk, W.T. and Schena, F. and Sjostrom, M. and Stahl, T. and Vanden, Auweele Y. and Welshman, J. and Ziemainz, H.},
title = {Physical activity monitoring in Europe. The European Physical Activity Surveillance System (EUPASS) approach and indicator testing},
journal = {Public Health Nutr},
year = {2003},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {377--384},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12795826}
}
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| Sjostrom, L., Lindroos, A., Peltonen, M., Torgerson, J., Bouchard, C., Carlsson, B., Dahlgren, S., Larsson, B., Narbro, K., Sjostrom, C., Sullivan, M. & Wedel, H. | Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery SJOSTROM2004 | 2004 | N Engl J Med | article | URL |
| Abstract: BACKGROUND: Weight loss is associated with short-term amelioration and prevention of metabolic and cardiovascular risk, but whether these benefits persist over time is unknown. METHODS: The prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects Study involved obese subjects who underwent gastric surgery and contemporaneously matched, conventionally treated obese control subjects. We now report follow-up data for subjects (mean age, 48 years; mean body-mass index, 41) who had been enrolled for at least 2 years (4047 subjects) or 10 years (1703 subjects) before the analysis (January 1, 2004). The follow-up rate for laboratory examinations was 86.6 percent at 2 years and 74.5 percent at 10 years. RESULTS: After two years, the weight had increased by 0.1 percent in the control group and had decreased by 23.4 percent in the surgery group (P<0.001). After 10 years, the weight had increased by 1.6 percent and decreased by 16.1 percent, respectively (P<0.001). Energy intake was lower and the proportion of physically active subjects higher in the surgery group than in the control group throughout the observation period. Two- and 10-year rates of recovery from diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, and hyperuricemia were more favorable in the surgery group than in the control group, whereas recovery from hypercholesterolemia did not differ between the groups. The surgery group had lower 2- and 10-year incidence rates of diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperuricemia than the control group; differences between the groups in the incidence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension were undetectable. CONCLUSIONS: As compared with conventional therapy, bariatric surgery appears to be a viable option for the treatment of severe obesity, resulting in long-term weight loss, improved lifestyle, and, except for hypercholesterolemia, amelioration in risk factors that were elevated at baseline | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Sjostrom2004,
author = {Sjostrom, L. and Lindroos, A.K. and Peltonen, M. and Torgerson, J. and Bouchard, C. and Carlsson, B. and Dahlgren, S. and Larsson, B. and Narbro, K. and Sjostrom, C.D. and Sullivan, M. and Wedel, H.},
title = {Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery SJOSTROM2004},
journal = {N Engl J Med},
year = {2004},
volume = {351},
number = {26},
pages = {2683--2693},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15616203}
}
|
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| Sjostrom, M. | Integrating the monitoring of physical activity into public health nutrition | 2006 | Journal of Public Health | article | URL |
| Abstract: Without Abstract | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Sjostrom2006,
author = {Sjostrom, Michael},
title = {Integrating the monitoring of physical activity into public health nutrition},
journal = {Journal of Public Health},
year = {2006},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {51--52},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-006-0030-z}
}
|
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| Sjostrom, M. & Meusel, D. | Assessment of lifestyle in Europe (EU): a variety of topics | 2006 | Journal of Public Health | article | URL |
| Abstract: Without Abstract | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Sjostrom2006a,
author = {Sjostrom, M. and Meusel, D.},
title = {Assessment of lifestyle in Europe (EU): a variety of topics},
journal = {Journal of Public Health},
year = {2006},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {259--260},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-006-0060-6}
}
|
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| Sjostrom, M., Oja, P., Hagstromer, M., Smith, B. & Bauman, A. | Health-enhancing physical activity across European Union countries: the Eurobarometer study | 2006 | Journal of Public Health | article | URL |
| Abstract: Abstract The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends the development of comparable national physical activity surveillance systems to assess trends within and amongst countries as the Global Strategy for Diet and Physical Activity is implemented. To date, the lack of well-standardised measurement instruments has impeded such efforts, but new methodologies are being developed for this purpose. This paper describes the usefulness of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in population samples. The Special Eurobarometer Wave 58.2 2002 covered physical activity and provided a good vehicle for assessment of health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) in the European Union. Data from around 1,000 individuals in each of the 15 member states were collected after careful translation of the questionnaire. IPAQ scoring protocol version 2 was used for definition of activity categories. Data on the prevalence of sufficient total activity, sedentariness, frequent walking and sitting, in total and by gender across European Union (EU) countries showed consistent patterns. The prevalence of sufficient physical activity for health across the member countries was 29%. It ranged from 44% in the Netherlands to 23% in Sweden. The prevalence of sedentariness across countries was in general the mirror image. Regular walking was most prevalent in Spain. Gender was related to physical activity in that men were 1.6 times more likely than women to be sufficiently active, less likely to be sedentary and slightly more likely to sit for at least 6 hours daily. The findings suggest that two thirds of the adult populations of the European countries are insufficiently active for optimal health benefits. As the IPAQ measurement provides information about the patterns of total physical activity and inactivity, the findings indicate possibilities for targeted health promotion efforts | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Sjostrom2006b,
author = {Sjostrom, M. and Oja, P. and Hagstromer, M. and Smith, B. and Bauman, A.},
title = {Health-enhancing physical activity across European Union countries: the Eurobarometer study},
journal = {Journal of Public Health},
year = {2006},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {291--300},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-006-0031-y}
}
|
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| Sjostrom, M., Yngve, A., Poortvliet, E., Ekelund, U., Hurtig-Wennlof, A., Nilsson, A. & Hagstromer, M. | Adolescent nutrition--a multidimensional challenge [BibTeX] |
2003 | Forum Nutr | article | URL |
BibTeX:
@article{Sjostrom2003,
author = {Sjostrom, M. and Yngve, A. and Poortvliet, E. and Ekelund, U. and Hurtig-Wennlof, A. and Nilsson, A. and Hagstromer, M.},
title = {Adolescent nutrition--a multidimensional challenge},
journal = {Forum Nutr},
year = {2003},
volume = {56},
pages = {253--254},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15806887}
}
|
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| Sjostrom, M., Yngve, A., Poortvliet, E., Warm, D. & Ekelund, U. | Diet and physical activity--interactions for health; public health nutrition in the European perspective | 1999 | Public Health Nutr | article | URL |
| Abstract: For the majority of European adults, who neither smoke nor drink excessively, the most significant controllable risk factors affecting their long-term health are what they eat, and how physically active they are. Scientists are supposed to clarify to policy makers and health professionals the usefulness of their health messages. However, to be able to do that, a more detailed understanding is needed of the basic mechanisms behind the effects on health of diet and physical activity and, especially, the two in combination. Further, better methods for assessment of nutrition and physical activity in the population have to be developed, and more and better baseline data have to be collected. Increased and more efficient interventions are then needed. People trained and competent in the new discipline of Public Health Nutrition are required. Through the stimulating support that the European Commission, as well as other national and international partners, are presently giving to the development of Public Health Nutrition across Europe, we can hope for an increased mobility, networking and understanding between European nutrition and physical activity professionals. This will most likely result in greater and better policy making, strategy development, implementation and evaluation. We now have a great possibility to develop the integrated field of preventive nutrition and health enhancing physical activity | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Sjostrom1999,
author = {Sjostrom, M. and Yngve, A. and Poortvliet, E. and Warm, D. and Ekelund, U.},
title = {Diet and physical activity--interactions for health; public health nutrition in the European perspective},
journal = {Public Health Nutr},
year = {1999},
volume = {2},
number = {3A},
pages = {453--459},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10610088}
}
|
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| Tercedor, P., Martin-Matillas, M., Chillon, P., Perez, Lopez, I., Ortega, F., Warnberg, J., Ruiz, J. & Delgado, M. | [Increase in cigarette smoking and decrease in the level of physical activity among Spanish adolescentes. AVENA study] | 2007 | Nutr Hosp. | article | URL |
| Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking among adolescents as well as the level of physical activity constitutes a public health care issue. The aim is knowing the relationship between cigarette smoking and practice of physical activity. SETTING: Schooled Spanish adolescents SUBJECTS: 2859 Spanish adolescents (1357 boys, 1502 girls; age range: 13-18.5 years).INTERVENTIONS: A questionnaire is applied to know the level of cigarette smoking and four other questionnaires to know the level of physical activity during different periods. RESULTS: 40.8% of the adolescents stated not doing any physical activity at all, boys being more active than girls (p < 0.001). 29.9% of the adolescents stated usually smoking cigarettes, without differences by gender. Both active boys and girls stated smoking less (P < or = 0.01). The greater the age, the higher cigarette smoking and the lower the level of physical activity, both in boys and girls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The level of physical activity is low, being even lower for girls. Cigarette smoking shows a negative relationship with the level of physical activity, the individuals more physically active being those smoking the less | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Tercedor2007,
author = {Tercedor, P. and Martin-Matillas, M. and Chillon, P. and Perez, Lopez, I and Ortega, F.B. and Warnberg, J. and Ruiz, J.R. and Delgado, M.},
title = {[Increase in cigarette smoking and decrease in the level of physical activity among Spanish adolescentes. AVENA study]},
journal = {Nutr Hosp.},
year = {2007},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {89--94},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17260536}
}
|
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| Villa, I., Yngve, A., Poortvliet, E., Grjibovski, A., Liiv, K., Sjostrom, M. & Harro, M. | Dietary intake among under-, normal- and overweight 9- and 15-year-old Estonian and Swedish schoolchildren VILLA2007 | 2007 | Public Health Nutr | article | URL |
| Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the differences in macronutrient and food group contribution to total food and energy intakes between Estonian and Swedish under-, normal- and overweight schoolchildren, and to estimate the association between diet and body mass index (BMI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparison between Estonian and Swedish children and adolescents of different BMI groups. SETTING: Twenty-five schools from one region in Estonia and 42 in two regions of central Sweden. SUBJECTS: In total 2308 participants (1176 from Estonia and 1132 from Sweden), including 1141 children with a mean age of 9.6 +/- 0.5 years and 1167 adolescents with a mean age of 15.5 +/- 0.6 years. RESULTS: Overweight was more prevalent among younger girls in Sweden (17.0 vs. 8.9%) and underweight among girls of both age groups in Estonia (7.9 vs. 3.5% in younger and 10.5 vs. 5.1% in older age group of girls). Compared with that of normal- and underweight peers, the diet of overweight Estonian children contained more energy as fat (36.8 vs. 31.7%) but less as carbohydrates, and they consumed more milk and meat products. Absolute BMI of Estonian participants was associated positively with energy consumption from eggs and negatively with energy consumption from sweets and sugar. Swedish overweight adolescents tended to consume more energy from protein and milk products. Risk of being overweight was positively associated with total energy intake and energy from fish or meat products. In both countries the association of overweight and biological factors (pubertal maturation, parental BMI) was stronger than with diet. CONCLUSION: The finding that differences in dietary intake between under-, normal- and overweight schoolchildren are country-specific suggests that local dietary habits should be considered in intervention projects addressing overweight | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Villa2007,
author = {Villa, I. and Yngve, A. and Poortvliet, E. and Grjibovski, A. and Liiv, K. and Sjostrom, M. and Harro, M.},
title = {Dietary intake among under-, normal- and overweight 9- and 15-year-old Estonian and Swedish schoolchildren VILLA2007},
journal = {Public Health Nutr},
year = {2007},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {311--322},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17288630}
}
|
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| Warnberg, J., Nova, E., Moreno, L., Romeo, J., Mesana, M., Ruiz, J., Ortega, F., Sjostrom, M., Bueno, M. & Marcos, A. | Inflammatory proteins are related to total and abdominal adiposity in a healthy adolescent population: the AVENA Study WARNBERG2006 | 2006 | Am J Clin Nutr | article | URL |
| Abstract: BACKGROUND: In adults, obesity is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation accompanied by moderately high concentrations of acute phase inflammatory proteins. Recent results regarding C-reactive protein (CRP) point to a similar status in adolescents; however, studies of associations of the serum inflammatory proteins CRP, ceruloplasmin, and complement factors C3 and C4 with body fat distribution remain scarce. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to establish the possible relations of serum inflammatory proteins with body fat estimates and body fat distribution in an apparently healthy adolescent population. DESIGN: This report included 472 adolescents (248 males and 224 females) aged 13-18.5 y who were recruited from the Spanish cross-sectional multicenter AVENA Study for whom anthropometric and immunologic data were complete. The concentrations of the serum proteins and the in vitro production of cytokines (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) by isolated and stimulated white blood cells were measured. Relations with anthropometric measurements were explored by using simple and partial correlations. RESULTS: CRP, C3, and C4 were correlated with central obesity (as measured by waist circumference) and total body fat in both sexes (P < 0.01) and with ceruloplasmin in females only. After further adjustment for BMI, C3 remained independently associated with central obesity (P < 0.05). Production of the cytokines by white blood cells did not seem to be affected by an excess of body fat. CONCLUSIONS: Total body fat seems to be associated with a chronic low-grade systemic inflammation in apparently healthy adolescents. Central obesity is independently associated with C3 concentrations, which makes this marker especially interesting for further studies of obesity-related diseases | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Warnberg2006,
author = {Warnberg, J. and Nova, E. and Moreno, L.A. and Romeo, J. and Mesana, M.I. and Ruiz, J.R. and Ortega, F.B. and Sjostrom, M. and Bueno, M. and Marcos, A.},
title = {Inflammatory proteins are related to total and abdominal adiposity in a healthy adolescent population: the AVENA Study WARNBERG2006},
journal = {Am J Clin Nutr},
year = {2006},
volume = {84},
number = {3},
pages = {505--512},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16960163}
}
|
|||||
| Wennlof, A., Yngve, A., Nilsson, T. & Sjostrom, M. | Serum lipids, glucose and insulin levels in healthy schoolchildren aged 9 and 15 years from Central Sweden: reference values in relation to biological, social and lifestyle factors | 2005 | Scand J Clin Lab Invest | article | URL |
| Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a shortage of reference values for cardiovascular risk factors such as serum lipids, glucose and insulin related to biological, social and lifestyle factors for Swedish children and adolescents. Such values are needed for planning and evaluation of public health activities, and for clinical use. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data for this cross-sectional, school-based study were collected during a school year (September to May). A random sample of 1137 girls and boys aged 9 and 15 years from two locations in central Sweden participated in the study, and blood samples were taken from 969 of them. METHODS: Fasting serum blood samples were analysed for triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose and insulin. Physical examination included measurement of height, weight and pubertal status. Questionnaires provided family background data. Total physical activity was measured by accelerometer registration. RESULTS: Serum levels differed significantly between age and gender groups and were correlated to pubertal status. Neither genetic nor socio-economic background nor smoking status influenced the serum levels. Insulin levels were elevated in subjects with a body mass index in the highest decentile, compared with the levels in the rest of the subjects. The insulin levels were inversely associated with total physical activity, and physical activity varied with season. CONCLUSIONS: Pubertal status (biological age) should to be considered in the interpretation of serum values in schoolchildren rather than chronological age. The interpretation of insulin values should include both body mass index and physical activity level, and perhaps also season. Previously described regional differences in serum lipid levels in Swedish adults seem to be present also in children | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Wennlof2005,
author = {Wennlof, A.H. and Yngve, A. and Nilsson, T.K. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Serum lipids, glucose and insulin levels in healthy schoolchildren aged 9 and 15 years from Central Sweden: reference values in relation to biological, social and lifestyle factors},
journal = {Scand J Clin Lab Invest},
year = {2005},
volume = {65},
number = {1},
pages = {65--76},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15859028}
}
|
|||||
| Wennlof, A., Yngve, A. & Sjostrom, M. | Sampling procedure, participation rates and representativeness in the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS) | 2003 | Public Health Nutr | article | URL |
| Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The European Youth Heart Study (EYHS) is a cross-sectional, school-based population study on risk factors for future cardiovascular disease in children, with an overall participation rate in Sweden of about 50%. To study the representativeness of the participants in the Swedish part of EYHS, a comprehensive non-participant follow-up study was carried out. DESIGN: A structured multilevel analysis model was developed, addressing each level in the sampling procedure. The income, educational and occupational categories of the geographical regions of the study (level I), school catchment areas (level II) and parents (level III) were compared with official data. Participating and non-participating pupils (level IV) were compared through a questionnaire. SETTING: Thirty-seven state schools in two regions of Central Sweden (Orebro and southern Stockholm) were visited during the school year 1998/1999. SUBJECTS: Boys and girls aged 9 and 15 years were randomly sampled through a multiphase sampling procedure. RESULTS: Data for socio-economic status for levels I and II corresponded well to national and regional official data. At level III, non-manually working parents were slightly over-represented among parents of participating children. At level IV, non-participating subjects corresponded in most respects to participants with a few exceptions--mainly more interest in physical exercise among participants. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the knowledge from the non-participant study, we do not foresee problems regarding interpretation of the outcomes in the EYHS, despite the low participation rate | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Wennlof2003,
author = {Wennlof, A.H. and Yngve, A. and Sjostrom, M.},
title = {Sampling procedure, participation rates and representativeness in the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS)},
journal = {Public Health Nutr},
year = {2003},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {291--299},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12740078}
}
|
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| Yngve, A., Sjostrom, M., Warm, D., Margetts, B., Rodrigo, C. & Nissinen, A. | Effective promotion of healthy nutrition and physical activity in Europe requires skilled and competent people; European Master's Programme in Public Health Nutrition | 1999 | Public Health Nutr | article | URL |
| Abstract: Scientists in basic research and epidemiology deliver messages to policy makers. Effective population based strategies then require people trained and competent in the discipline of Public Health Nutrition (PHN). Since 1997, a European Master's Programme in PHN has been undergoing planning and implementation with the aid of funding from the European Commission (DGV). PHN is used as a broad term covering Nutrition and Physical Activity as well as Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. The partners in this project are academic departments from 17 countries. The students will undertake core modules and electives for a year and a half, followed by a research project for six months. In order to set up formalised procedures for the evaluation of the quality assurance of individual modules from across Europe, a quality assurance system has been set up. The academic year 1999-2000 will allow an opportunity for Universities and Institutes to start new modules, to develop other modules, assess the movement of students between modules, tackle funding issues and allow further marketing of the programme. Future activities include strengthening of the European Network for Public Health Nutrition (ENPHN), the establishment of a consortium with universities, the co-ordination of programme activities with other European Master's Programmes in Public Health, and the incorporation of new Member States from Eastern Europe. We can look forward to a new brand of professionals, who are truly European in their training, but who also have an integrated view of nutrition and physical activity, health promotion and disease prevention and who are prepared for policy making, action planning, implementation and evaluation | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{Yngve1999,
author = {Yngve, A. and Sjostrom, M. and Warm, D. and Margetts, B. and Rodrigo, C.P. and Nissinen, A.},
title = {Effective promotion of healthy nutrition and physical activity in Europe requires skilled and competent people; European Master's Programme in Public Health Nutrition},
journal = {Public Health Nutr},
year = {1999},
volume = {2},
number = {3A},
pages = {449--452},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10610087}
}
|
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Created by Nico Rizzo using JabRef on 31/10/2007.
